Late-glacial and Holocene history of the northeast Mediterranean mountain glaciers - New insights from in situ-produced 36Cl-based cosmic ray exposure dating of paleo-glacier deposits on Mount Olympus, Greece

Styllas, Michael; Schimmelpfennig, Irene; Benedetti, Lucilla; Ghilardi, Matthieu; Aumaître, Georges; Bourlès, Didier; Keddadouche, Karim

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.06.020

Cited by 56 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…5). Notably, the chronological order of the obtained ages is in good agreement with the stratigraphy of glacial landforms (Styllas et al 2018).…”

Section: Mt Olympus (North Greece)supporting

confidence: 77%

“…The glacial sequence in northwest Greece (Mount Tymphi) is one of the first mountainous areas in the Mediterranean where the full progression from pioneer to advanced glacial research phases has taken place and is very well dated (Woodward et al 2004;Hughes et al 2006a, b;Woodward and Hughes 2011). In recent years, new dating evidence has been published from southern Greece (Mt Chelmos in the Peloponnese- Pope et al 2017;Pavlopoulos et al 2018) and from Mt Olympus in the northeast (Styllas et al 2018) providing a robust chronostratigraphical framework for the mountains of Greece (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The glacial history of Greece: a comprehensive review

2020

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This paper reviews the glacial history of the mountains of Greece at the southernmost tip of the Balkans, providing a new synthesis of our current understanding of glaciations. The ice cover during the largest Middle Pleistocene glaciations (MIS 12/MIS 6) was more extensive than previously thought. Latest evidence from Mt Chelmos suggests that valley glaciers radiated from a central plateau ice field, whereas the findings of other glacial studies in western Balkans further indicate that extensive ice field/ice caps formed on mountains throughout this region during the Middle Pleistocene glaciations. Ice extent was considerably smaller during the Tymphian Stage (MIS 5d-MIS 2) and this has been confirmed by cosmogenic exposure ages in recent studies on Mt Olympus and Mt Chelmos. During the Holocene, only very small glaciers formed in some deep cirques where they survived because of strong local topoclimatic controls. A comparative analysis with the findings of other glacial and palaeoclimatic studies in the Balkans is also presented to highlight correlations between them. Moisture supply seems to have been the most critical factor for the formation of glaciers in the mountains of Greece. The comparison of Late Pleistocene Equilibrium Line Altitudes (ELAs) across the Balkans indicates a wetter climate in southern Greece that can be attributed to different palaeoatmospheric circulation mechanisms and precipitation regime in central Mediterranean. Conclusively, whilst important information has been added in the last 2 decades, this paper highlights the need for further research in Greece and the wider Balkans to establish the timing and extent of glaciations.

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“…5). Notably, the chronological order of the obtained ages is in good agreement with the stratigraphy of glacial landforms (Styllas et al 2018).…”

Section: Mt Olympus (North Greece)supporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The glacial history of Greece: a comprehensive review

2020

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“…On the southern part of Mount Geyikdağ, Lateglacial advances occurred between 13.7 ± 0.8 and 14.9 ± 2.3 ka (Sarıkaya et al ., ). Mount Olympus (Geece) (Styllas et al ., ) and Galicica Mountains (FYROM) (Gromig et al ., ) also show similar glacial chronologies confirming Lateglacial stages further within the Balkans (Table ).…”

Section: Glacial Chronology Of Mount Dedegölmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Quaternary glaciations and cosmogenic ³⁶Cl geochronology of Mount Dedegöl, south‐west Turkey

Köse

Sarıkaya

Çiner

et al. 2018

J Quaternary Science

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We present details on the timing of glaciations during the late Quaternary in the western Taurus Mountain Range of Turkey. Twenty‐five boulders from prominent moraines in three northern glacial valleys of Mount Dedegöl (37.40°N, 31.17°E, 2992 m above sea level, ∼15 km west of Lake Beyşehir) were dated based on cosmogenic 36Cl surface exposure. The geomorphological mapping of the N‐NE‐trending Sayacak, Kisbe and Karagöl valleys and their in situ produced 36Cl glacial chronology revealed several glacial episodes during the late Quaternary from (pre‐Last Glacial Maximum (pre‐LGM) to early Holocene. Pre‐LGM glaciations are represented by a push‐hummocky moraine complex in the northern Sayacak Valley and dated to 29.7 ± 2.9 ka. The ages obtained from these hummocky moraines give substantial evidence regarding ice accumulation before the global LGM. In the same valley, glaciers reached their maximum positions at the LGM and deposited lateral moraines at 19.7 ± 1.6 ka. Lateglacial moraines were dated to between 16.4 ± 0.7 and 12.0 ± 1.0 ka in the nearby east‐facing Karagöl valley. The youngest glacial stages occurred during the Younger Dryas stadial (11.5 ± 0.8 ka) and early Holocene (9.8 ± 1.4 ka) in Mount Dedegöl.

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“…Chelmos (Pope et al, 2015) and Mount Olympus (Styllas et al, 2018) (both located in Greece), whereas the Oldest Dryas deglaciation has been recorded in the Mount Pelister (FYROM) (Ribolini et al, 2018). However, data on the last deglaciation elsewhere in the Balkans are generally missing (e.g., Milivojević et al, 2008;Žebre and Stepišnik, 2014).…”

Section: (Both Located In Fyrom) and Mountmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This dating method is based on the formation of radionuclides due to the interaction of cosmic rays that occur at a calculatable rate. While in quartz-bearing lithologies cosmogenic radionuclide 10 Be is nowadays used almost routinely to constrain ages of late Quaternary landforms (Dunai, 2010;Schmidt et al, 2011;Ruszkiczay-Rüdiger et al, 2016b;Ribolini et al, 2018), the cosmogenic nuclide 36 Cl is the nuclide of choice for carbonate lithologies (Frankel et al, 2007;Gromig et al, 2018;Marrero et al, 2018;Mechernich et al, 2018;Styllas et al, 2018). When dating depositional surfaces such as debris flows or alluvial fans, it is necessary to take into account that cosmogenic nuclides are not only produced after formation of the respective surfaces, but also during erosion of the host rock and sedimentary transport of clasts.…”

Section: Cosmogenic CL Nuclide Exposure Datingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paraglacial adjustment of alluvial fans to the last deglaciation in the Snežnik Mountain, Dinaric karst (Slovenia)

et al. 2019

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Glaciokarst depressions are major glacigenic depocenters in the Dinaric mountain karst areas and often store important information about the timing and nature of glacial processes and paraglacial sediment reworking. This study focuses on Praprotna draga, which is one of the largest glaciokarst depressions in the Snežnik Mountain (Dinaric karst), with an area of ~3.4 km 2 and a maximum depth of 140 m. The western slopes of the depression are characterized by undulated moraine morphology and alluvial fans are filling its entire floor. We present the results on the thickness, origin and age of the sediment infill using a complementary geomorphological, sedimentological, geophysical and dating approach. Distribution of moraines point to two glacial advances that were associated with two main alluvial fan aggradation phases recognised using the electrical resistivity tomography measurements. The youngest alluvial deposits were sampled for cosmogenic 36 Cl analysis using amalgamated carbonate pebbles. The depth profile of 36 Cl concentrations suggests an age of 12.3 ± 1.7 ka when assuming a likely denudation rate of 20 mm ka-1. Since the existence of the Younger Dryas glaciers in the study area is climatically difficult to explain, we tentatively propose that the youngest alluvial deposition in Praprotna draga took place after the glacier retreat during the paraglacial period. Our findings suggest that the time window of paraglacial adjustment in the Snežnik Mountain was brief and likely conditioned by quick recolonization with vegetation and inefficient surface runoff on deglaciated karst terrain.

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Late-glacial and Holocene history of the northeast Mediterranean mountain glaciers - New insights from in situ-produced 36Cl-based cosmic ray exposure dating of paleo-glacier deposits on Mount Olympus, Greece

Cited by 56 publications

References 92 publications

The glacial history of Greece: a comprehensive review

The glacial history of Greece: a comprehensive review

Late Quaternary glaciations and cosmogenic ³⁶Cl geochronology of Mount Dedegöl, south‐west Turkey

Paraglacial adjustment of alluvial fans to the last deglaciation in the Snežnik Mountain, Dinaric karst (Slovenia)

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Late-glacial and Holocene history of the northeast Mediterranean mountain glaciers - New insights from in situ-produced 36Cl-based cosmic ray exposure dating of paleo-glacier deposits on Mount Olympus, Greece

Cited by 56 publications

References 92 publications

The glacial history of Greece: a comprehensive review

The glacial history of Greece: a comprehensive review

Late Quaternary glaciations and cosmogenic 36Cl geochronology of Mount Dedegöl, south‐west Turkey

Paraglacial adjustment of alluvial fans to the last deglaciation in the Snežnik Mountain, Dinaric karst (Slovenia)

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Resources

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Late Quaternary glaciations and cosmogenic ³⁶Cl geochronology of Mount Dedegöl, south‐west Turkey