“…In this work, and for the first time at the district level, we determined the δ 13 C signatures of Ferrara province soils. This will serve as a baseline for future studies investigating C turnover in soils and for reconstructing the C sources and the magnitude of the transformation of SOM by biogeochemical processes (Bianchini et al, 2021;Camino-Serrano et al, 2019;Ehleringer et al, 2000;Mäkelä et al, 2022;Vittori Antisari et al, 2016;Wang et al, 2015Wang et al, , 2018. In addition, the soil C isotopic signature can provide information about the stabilization of the SOM, and therefore in the health status and fertility of the soil, aid in the stabilization of the SOM (e.g., Smith & Chalk, 2021), and be useful to investigate the difference among soils from the districts of the Ferrara province.…”