Late Cretaceous to Middle Eocene Magmatism and Metallogeny of a Portion of the Southeastern Anatolian Orogenic Belt, East-Central Turkey

Kuşcu, İ̇lkay; Tosdal, Richard M.; Gençalioğlu-Kuşcu, Gonca; Friedman, Richard M.; Ullrich, Thomas

doi:10.2113/econgeo.108.4.641

Cited by 50 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Geochronological information in the form of 40 Ar/ 39 Ar radiometric ages from both the igneous and metamorphic complexes indicate ages of about 43-44 Ma which agree with the Eocene age concluded from stratigraphic studies [4].…”

Section: Geological Background Of the Study Areasupporting

confidence: 83%

“…The emplacement of the granitoids is assumed to have taken place in a back-arc setting [3] or in a postcollisional geotectonic environment [4].…”

Section: Geological Background Of the Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Çöpler porphyry-skarn Cu-Au deposit is part of Late Cretaceous to Middle Eocene magmatism of the Southeastern Anatolian orogenic belt. Recent investigations of the properties of the main deposits and prospects and their tectonic, magmatic, and geological characteristics are given in [4] who also state that the Eocene porphyry Cu-As occurrences in Eastern Turkey may be broadly comparable to porphyry Cu deposits in Iran. The investigation of the depositional styles, microscopic and fluid inclusions characteristics of the Çöpler gold deposit forms part of the MSc dissertation [5] of the first author of this paper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microthermometric and stable isotopic (O and H) characteristics of fluid inclusions in the porphyry related Çöpler (İliç - Erzincan) gold deposit, central eastern Turkey

Canbaz¹,

Gökçe²

2014

Open Geosciences

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Abstract:The Çöpler gold deposit occurs within the stockwork of quartz hosted by the Çöpler granitoid (Eosen) and by surrounding metasediments of Keban metamorphic (Late Paleozoic -Early Mesozoic) and the Munzur limestones (Late Carboniferous -Early Cretaceous). Native gold accompanied by small amounts of chalcopyrite, pyrite, magnetite, maghemite, hematite, fahlerz, marcasite, bornite, galena, sphalerite, specular hematite, goethite, lepidochrosite and bravoitic pyrite within the stockwork ore veinlets. In addition, epidote (pistazite -zoisite), garnet, scapolite, chlorite, tremolite/actinolite, muscovite and opaque minerals were determined within the veinlets occurred in skarn zones. The study of fluid inclusions in quartz veinlets showed that the hydrothermal fluids contain CaCl 2 , MgCl 2 and NaCl and the salinities of the two phases (L+V) inclusions range from 1.7 to 20.6% NaCl equivalent. Salinity values up to 44% were determined within the halite bearing three phases inclusions. Their homogenization temperature values have a wide range from 145.0 to 380.0 • C, indicative of catathermal/hypothermal to epithermal conditions. The δ 18 O and δD values of the fluid inclusion waters from the Çöpler granitoid correspond to those assigned to Primary Magmatic Water, those from the metasediments of Keban metamorphics fall outside of the Primary Magmatic and are within the Metamorphic Water field. A sample from a quartz vein within the skarn zone hosted by the Munzur limestones has a particularly low δD value. The results suggest that fluids derived from the granitoids were mixed with those derived from the metasediments of Keban metamorphics and the the Munzur limestones and resulting in quartz veinlets in these lithologies and the formation of stockwork ores. In view of the occurrence, the features described and processes envisaged for this study area may be applicable in similar settings.

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Section: Geological Background Of the Study Areasupporting

confidence: 83%

“…The emplacement of the granitoids is assumed to have taken place in a back-arc setting [3] or in a postcollisional geotectonic environment [4].…”

Section: Geological Background Of the Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microthermometric and stable isotopic (O and H) characteristics of fluid inclusions in the porphyry related Çöpler (İliç - Erzincan) gold deposit, central eastern Turkey

Canbaz¹,

Gökçe²

2014

Open Geosciences

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“…Zircon U‐Pb dating reveals an emplacement age of 78–73 Ma for CAT15‐11 (Kuşcu et al, ). Although the crystallization age of CAT15‐10 is not directly constrained, a similar age can be presumed based on U‐Pb and Ar/Ar ages of 78–65 Ma from compositionally similar syenite intrusions located ~20–30 km north of this sample (Boztuğ et al, ; Kuşcu et al, ; Parlak et al, ). CAT15‐10 has statistically identical AFT and AHe cooling ages of 27.8 ± 1.9 and 28.2 ± 0.4 Ma, respectively (Figure ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Late Eocene Exhumation of the Sivas Basin (Central Anatolia) Driven by Initial Arabia‐Eurasia Collision

2018

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Continental collisions exert a profound influence on the configuration and evolution of orogenic systems. The effects of Arabia-Eurasia collision on the geodynamics of the eastern Mediterranean are difficult to unravel, however, because the timing of initial collision (i.e., intercontinental contact) remains controversial. We present the first detrital and bedrock apatite fission track and (U-Th-Sm)/He thermochronology, and detrital zircon U-Pb constraints from the Sivas Basin and eastern Taurides in central Anatolia (Turkey), which provide a detailed record of Cenozoic orogenesis in the hinterland of the Arabia-Eurasia collision zone. Our results indicate rapid middle Eocene burial followed by shortening, rapid cooling (up to~25-45°C/myr), and initiation of the southern Sivas fold-thrust belt (SSFTB) during the late Eocene (~40-34 Ma), consistent with evidence of a coeval basin-wide unconformity. We interpret that rapid late Eocene cooling of the SSFTB reflects exhumation driven by the northward propagation of retroforeland contraction into the Sivas Basin from the middle to late Eocene, and we propose that these events were due to initial soft collision of the thinned Arabian passive margin by~45 Ma. This timing of the inception of collision is supported by a regional compilation of apatite fission track data that indicates rapid cooling and hinterland exhumation throughout central and eastern Anatolia from~45 to 20 Ma, which was synchronous with a widespread magmatic lull from~40 to 20 Ma. The data presented here are compatible with a widely accepted transition to more mature or hard collision at~20 Ma, probably related to the arrival of thick Arabian crust along the Bitlis suture zone. Plain Language SummaryThe continents of Arabia and Eurasia (Europe and Asia) comprise two separate tectonic plates that are currently colliding with each other. We are uncertain when collision started, which makes it difficult to understand how the collision may have triggered other tectonic changes throughout the region. We investigated the onset of collision by collecting rock samples near the boundary between these continents in central Turkey and determining how their temperature has changed through time (thermochronology). Our analyses tell us the rocks cooled down very quickly~40 million years ago, from temperatures greater than~120°C (i.e., several kilometers deep in the Earth) to much lower temperatures similar to Earth's surface. We infer that rapid cooling was due to the onset of tectonic activity and the creation of a mountain chain with high rates of erosion that removed overlying rocks to bring these samples closer to Earth's surface. These new results agree well with several similar studies that show that rock cooling also occurred at the same time throughout the entire region. We conclude that rock cooling was caused by tectonic uplift and erosion triggered by initial collision of the thinned front of the Arabia plate with Turkeỹ 45 million years ago.

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“…[17]. The formation of these deposits is associated with alpine orogeny [18], while [19] compares these with recent occurrences of mid-ocean ridges.…”

Section: Regional Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Massive Sulfide Deposit of Siirt Madenköy, South-Eastern Turkey

Bal-Akkoca¹,

Çelebi²

2018

JMMCE

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The Siirt Madenköy massive sulfide ore deposit has been in operation since 2005. With its approx. 39 Mt reserves (2.40% Cu), it represents the largest Cu deposit and the largest mining operation in the country (1.5 Mt ore/year). The thickness of the adjacent rocks is composed of olivine-pyroxenite basalts pillow lava, which is spilite, interchangeable ore lenses of chalcopyrite and pyrite is about 170 m and reaches a depth of 350 m. The mid-Eocene aged porphyritic, strongly altered spilites are locally interspersed with diabase and covered by conglomerates. The ores appear massive, stock work and disseminated. Main ore minerals are idiomorphic pyrite, cataclastic chalcopyrite and fine-grained magnetite. The geochemical composition of the Cu ores of the Siirt-Madenköy deposit shows in places high levels of Cu, Fe and S, as important trace elements, As, Ba, Co and Ti are listed. In relation to Clarke values, Se, Bi, Cu, Mo and Co are strongly enriched, while Na, K and Ca as well as their coherent trace elements Rb, Sr and Cd are depleted due to hydrothermal alteration. The elemental distribution is characterized by log-normal distribution, proportionality effect, high Cu/Ni ratio and significantly positive correlation between the element pairs MgO-Ni, Cr-Ni and Co/FeO-Co. The dependence of Cu and SO 3 contents and Cu/FeO, SO 3 /FeO ratios are to be interpreted as an indication of the common origin of Cu, Fe and S. In general, Cu, Zn, Pb and S content decrease with depth, whereas those of Fe 3 O 4 increase. The variograms of the ore distributions are characterized by hole effect, trend and zonal anisotropy, which reflect alternation of ores with host rocks and changes in elemental contents. The Siirt Madenköy deposit is attributable to Cu and Zn ratios of the Cu class of ophiolitic massive sulfide deposits. Due to the very high Cu/Pb and Cu/Zn ratios, it can be described as an analogous deposit of the mid oceanic ridge, for example comparable to ores of Galapagos Ridge. The

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Late Cretaceous to Middle Eocene Magmatism and Metallogeny of a Portion of the Southeastern Anatolian Orogenic Belt, East-Central Turkey

Cited by 50 publications

References 75 publications

Microthermometric and stable isotopic (O and H) characteristics of fluid inclusions in the porphyry related Çöpler (İliç - Erzincan) gold deposit, central eastern Turkey

Microthermometric and stable isotopic (O and H) characteristics of fluid inclusions in the porphyry related Çöpler (İliç - Erzincan) gold deposit, central eastern Turkey

Rapid Late Eocene Exhumation of the Sivas Basin (Central Anatolia) Driven by Initial Arabia‐Eurasia Collision

The Massive Sulfide Deposit of Siirt Madenköy, South-Eastern Turkey

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Late Cretaceous to Middle Eocene Magmatism and Metallogeny of a Portion of the Southeastern Anatolian Orogenic Belt, East-Central Turkey

Cited by 50 publications

References 75 publications

Microthermometric and stable isotopic (O and H) characteristics of fluid inclusions in the porphyry related Çöpler (İliç - Erzincan) gold deposit, central eastern Turkey

Microthermometric and stable isotopic (O and H) characteristics of fluid inclusions in the porphyry related Çöpler (İliç - Erzincan) gold deposit, central eastern Turkey

Rapid Late Eocene Exhumation of the Sivas Basin (Central Anatolia) Driven by Initial Arabia‐Eurasia Collision

The Massive Sulfide Deposit of Siirt Madenk&#246;y, South-Eastern Turkey

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The Massive Sulfide Deposit of Siirt Madenköy, South-Eastern Turkey