Late Cretaceous relatives of rabbits, rodents, and other extant eutherian mammals

Archibald, J. David; Averianov, Alexander O.; Ekdale, Eric G.

doi:10.1038/35102048

Cited by 111 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…1) might be closely connected to the zhelestids (64)(65)(66). The oldest zhelestid fossils are Ϸ85-90 MY old, Ϸ10 MY younger than the molecular dating (19) of the split between Primates and the heterogenous group (branch E in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mammalian mitogenomic relationships and the root of the eutherian tree

Árnason

Adegoke

Bodin

et al. 2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

357

241

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The strict orthology of mitochondrial (mt) coding sequences has promoted their use in phylogenetic analyses at different levels. Here we present the results of a mitogenomic study (i.e., analysis based on the set of protein-coding genes from complete mt genomes) of 60 mammalian species. This number includes 11 new mt genomes. The sampling comprises all but one of the traditional eutherian orders. The previously unrepresented order Dermoptera (flying lemurs) fell within Primates as the sister group of Anthropoidea, making Primates paraphyletic. This relationship was strongly supported. Lipotyphla (''insectivores'') split into three distinct lineages: Erinaceomorpha, Tenrecomorpha, and Soricomorpha. Erinaceomorpha was the basal eutherian lineage. Sirenia (dugong) and Macroscelidea (elephant shrew) fell within the African clade. Pholidota (pangolin) joined the Cetferungulata as the sister group of Carnivora. The analyses identified monophyletic Pinnipedia with Otariidae (sea lions, fur seals) and Odobenidae (walruses) as sister groups to the exclusion of Phocidae (true seals).Dermosimii ͉ Eutheria ͉ Mammalia ͉ phylogeny ͉ primate paraphyly M itogenomic (mtg) phylogenetics has contributed considerably to resolving evolutionary relationships among mammals. However, relatively few genomes have been sequenced for some orders and others are still unrepresented. The first eutherian mtg study (1) included five orders: Rodentia, Primates, Artiodactyla, Cetacea, and Carnivora. This study identified a sister group relationship between Artiodactyla and Cetacea and close affinities between these two orders and Carnivora. Because of the absence of an unequivocal outgroup (OG), the relationships relative to Primates and Rodentia could not be resolved, however. The first mtg rooting of the eutherian tree (2), using a marsupial as OG, reconstructed the relationship OG(Rodentia,(Primates,(Carnivora,(Artiodactyla,Cetacea)))), a topology that has been generally identified in subsequent mtg analyses. These two studies also showed that individual mitochondrial (mt) genes did not obligatorily reconstruct the same topology, underlining the necessity of using the concatenated sequences of different genes for maximizing the reliability of the analyses.Most taxonomic schemes recognize 18 orders of extant eutherians (Table 1). It is likely, however, that this number is an underestimate because most molecular studies, both mtg (3, 4) and mt͞nuclear (5-7), split Lipotyphla into separate lineages. Similarly, if Rodentia is nonmonophyletic (8-11), the number of eutherian orders may be still greater than suggested by only lipotyphlan polyphyly.Five eutherian orders are previously not represented by complete mtDNAs. To further complete the picture of eutherian mtg relationships we have added 11 complete mtDNAs to the eutherian data set, including four of these orders: Pholidota, Dermoptera, Sirenia, and Macroscelidea.The phylogenetic position of Pholidota has been a matter of debate. A sister group relationship between Xenarthra and Pholidota in a...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mammalian mitogenomic relationships and the root of the eutherian tree

Árnason

Adegoke

Bodin

et al. 2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

357

241

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The split between South American and Australian marsupials is not expected to be older than 70 MYBP or younger than 60 MYBP (Nilsson et al 2004). The divergence time between rodents and artiodactyls cannot be older than Eomaia, the oldest eutherian (Ji et al 2002), or younger than 84 MYBP, as eutherians began to diversify around this time (Archibald et al 2001).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitogenomic Analyses Place the Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) on the Crocodile Tree and Provide Pre-K/T Divergence Times for Most Crocodilians

et al. 2005

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Abstract. Based on morphological analyses, extant members of the order Crocodylia are divided into three families, Alligatoridae, Crocodylidae, and Gavialidae. Gavialidae includes one species, the gharial, Gavialis gangeticus. In this study we have examined crocodilian relationships in phylogenetic analyses of seven mitochondrial genomes that have been sequenced in their entirety. The analyses did not support the morphologically acknowledged separate position of the gharial in the crocodilian tree. Instead the gharial joined the false gharial (Tomistoma schlegelii) on a common branch that was shown to constitute a sister group to traditional Crocodylidae (less Tomistoma). Thus, the analyses suggest the recognition of only two Crocodylia families, Alligatoridae and Crocodylidae, with the latter encompassing traditional Crocodylidae plus Gavialis/Tomistoma. A molecular dating of the divergence between Alligatoridae and Crocodylidae suggests that this basal split among recent crocodilians took place 140 million years before present, at the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary. The results suggest that at least five crocodilian lineages survived the mass extinction at the KT boundary.

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“…www.genome.org nations are all correlated, and changes occurring over ∼65-90 million years (Li et al 1985;Kondrashov and Crow 1993;Archibald et al 2001;Huchon et al 2002) correlate with polymorphisms arising much more recently in the human populations. These results indicate that some regions of the human genome are changing slowly by all processes that alter DNA, whereas others change faster.…”

Section: Variation In Evolutionary Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Covariation in Frequencies of Substitution, Deletion, Transposition, and Recombination During Eutherian Evolution

Hardison¹,

et al. 2003

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Six measures of evolutionary change in the human genome were studied, three derived from the aligned human and mouse genomes in conjunction with the Mouse Genome Sequencing Consortium, consisting of (1) nucleotide substitution per fourfold degenerate site in coding regions, (2) nucleotide substitution per site in relics of transposable elements active only before the human–mouse speciation, and (3) the nonaligning fraction of human DNA that is nonrepetitive or in ancestral repeats; and three derived from human genome data alone, consisting of (4) SNP density, (5) frequency of insertion of transposable elements, and (6) rate of recombination. Features 1 and 2 are measures of nucleotide substitutions at two classes of “neutral” sites, whereas 4 is a measure of recent mutations. Feature 3 is a measure dominated by deletions in mouse, whereas 5 represents insertions in human. It was found that all six vary significantly in megabase-sized regions genome-wide, and many vary together. This indicates that some regions of a genome change slowly by all processes that alter DNA, and others change faster. Regional variation in all processes is correlated with, but not completely accounted for, by GC content in human and the difference between GC content in human and mouse. [Supplemental material is available online at www.genome.org and http://www.soe.ucsc.edu/research/compbio/covariation/.

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Late Cretaceous relatives of rabbits, rodents, and other extant eutherian mammals

Cited by 111 publications

References 13 publications

Mammalian mitogenomic relationships and the root of the eutherian tree

Mammalian mitogenomic relationships and the root of the eutherian tree

Mitogenomic Analyses Place the Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) on the Crocodile Tree and Provide Pre-K/T Divergence Times for Most Crocodilians

Covariation in Frequencies of Substitution, Deletion, Transposition, and Recombination During Eutherian Evolution

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