Late Cenozoic uplift along the northern Dead Sea transform in Lebanon and Syria

Gomez, Francisco; Khawlie, Mohamad; Tabet, C.; Darkal, A.; Khair, Kamal; Barazangi, Muawia

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2005.10.029

Cited by 97 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…Even though local uplift rates are greater (Gomez et al 2006), the temperature has not exceeded 150°C assuming an average geothermal gradient. Therefore temperature values derived from microstructures are probably overestimated.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3b; average slip rate 6.9 mm/year). Based on a geological cross section across the Syrian Coastal Range and studies of the Holocene shorelines along the Syrian coast, an uplift between <0.1 and 0.2 mm/yr could be established (Sanlaville et al, 1997;Gomez et al 2006). Using these data, we assume a range of exhumation for the Ghab fault segment between 1.5 and 3 km.…”

Section: Local Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3c; Gomez et al, 2001). The long-term Late-Cenozoic uplift of the Lebanese coast (0.14 mm/yr; Gomez et al, 2006) yields values of the exhumation between 2 and 2.5 km.…”

Section: Local Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Different styles of faulting deformation along the Dead Sea Transform and possible consequences for the recurrence of major earthquakes

Janssen¹,

Hoffmann‐Rothe²,

Bohnhoff³

et al. 2007

Journal of Geodynamics

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We compare fault-related deformation of three segments of the major transform plate boundary between Africa and the Arabian plate, the Dead Sea Transform (DST), namely: the Arava/Araba fault (Jordan/Israel), the Serghaya fault and the Ghab fault (both Syria). These segments show both similarities and marked differences in faulting deformation and fluid-rock interactions. In the case of the Arava fault, fault damage occurs across a zone up to 300 m wide. A fault core/gouge zone is not exhibited.Along the Serghaya fault, the typical fault zone architecture with a main gouge zone and a damage zone of up to 100 m thickness is exposed. Effects of faulting in the Ghab segment are shown by subsidiary faults and the formation of fault breccias. As in the Arava fault segment, a fault core is not exposed. were active along Serghaya fault and Ghab fault, where fault rock cementation led to * Corresponding author. Fax: +49-331-288-1328, E-mail address: jans@gfz-potsdam.de 2 porosity reduction and lower permeability. Such low permeability could create domains of higher pore fluid pressure, which reduce the effective shear stress required for slip on the fault. These differences in fluid-rock interactions may have played an important role with respect to the occurrence of earthquakes. We suggest that the recurrence interval on a fault segment that recovers after an earthquake without fluid assisted healing (e.g. Arava fault) should be longer than on segments with strong fluidassisted healing (cementation; e.g. Serghaya fault, Ghab fault), given that the regional stress field is the same.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Local Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Different styles of faulting deformation along the Dead Sea Transform and possible consequences for the recurrence of major earthquakes

Janssen¹,

Hoffmann‐Rothe²,

Bohnhoff³

et al. 2007

Journal of Geodynamics

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“…Remnants of a low-relief palaeosurface are also inferred within the high portions of the Mount Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon ranges (Gomez et al 2006). This from Dubertret 1955) and the structure of the restraining bend (simplified from Gomez et al 2006). Arrows indicate velocities of continuous GPS sites (red circles) in an Arabia-fixed reference frame (Reilinger et al 2006).…”

Section: Tectonic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain partitioning of active transpression within the Lebanese restraining bend of the Dead Sea Fault (Lebanon and SW Syria)

Gomez

Nemer

Tabet

et al. 2007

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Recent neotectonic, palaeoseismic and GPS results along the central Dead Sea fault system elucidate the spatial distribution of crustal deformation within a large (c.180-km-long) restraining bend along this major continental transform. Within the ‘Lebanese’ restraining bend, the Dead Sea fault system splays into several key branches, and we suggest herein that active deformation is partitioned between NNE–SSW strike-slip faults and WNW–ESE crustal shortening. When plate motion is resolved into strike-slip parallel to the two prominent NNE–SSW strike-slip faults (the Yammouneh and Serghaya faults) and orthogonal motion, their slip rates are sufficient to account for all expected strike-slip motion. Shortening of the Mount Lebanon Range is inferred from the geometry and kinematics of the Roum Fault, as well as preliminary quantification of coastal uplift. The results do not account for all expected crustal shortening, suggesting that some contraction is probably accommodated in the Anti-Lebanon Range. It also seems unlikely that the present kinematic configuration characterizes the entire Cenozoic history of the restraining bend. Present-day strain partitioning contrasts with published observations on finite deformation in Lebanon, demonstrating distributed shear and vertical-axis block rotations. Furthermore, the present-day proportions of strike-slip displacement and crustal shortening are inconsistent with the total strike-slip offset and the lack of a significantly thickened crust. This suggests that the present rate of crustal shortening has not persisted for the longer life of the transform. Hence, we suggest that the Lebanese restraining bend evolved in a polyphase manner, involving an earlier episode of wrench-faulting and block rotation, followed by a later period of strain partitioning.

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“…The geological nature and structure of DSTF has been investigated by many researchers worldwide (Walley 1988;Butler et al 1998;Butler and Spencer 1999;Beydoun 1999;Meghraoui et al 2003;Gomez et al 2003Gomez et al , 2006Gomez et al , 2007. In addition, studies of the seismicity and tectonic activity of the DSTF, including its branching faults within Lebanese territory, have been carried out by Mohamad et al (2000), Gomez et al (2001), Tapponnier et al (2001), Meghraoui et al (2003), Nemer and Meghraoui (2006), Reilinger et al (2006), Nemer, Meghraoui et al (2008), Alchalbi et al (2009), and Palano et al (2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Anomalous Radon Gas Emanation Across the Yammouneh Fault in Southern Lebanon: A Possible Approach to Earthquake Prediction

Kobeissi

Gomez

Tabet

2015

Int J Disaster Risk Sci

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The eastern Mediterranean region is an active tectonic setting that includes the Dead Sea Transform Fault, which forms the boundary between the African and the Arabian Plates and crosses Lebanon from south to north, striking in a restraining bend around 25-30°NE. The major structural feature in Lebanon is the Yammouneh Fault, which reaches to Syria and southern Turkey in a north-south direction. Measurements of radon gas concentration and exhalation rates in two locations along the southern segment of the Yammouneh Fault in south Lebanon were performed. Two profiles in the El-Khiam basin and Blat pull-apart basin and perpendicular to the Yammouneh Fault trace were analyzed. An approximate fault width 25-30 m wide was determined in the El-Khiam study area. Temporal increase of radon concentration was measured and correlated with stress/strain tectonic activity and stress drops along the studied fault segment boundary. Anomalous variable radon concentrations were detected during one of the measurements where an earthquake occurred in the region of Tiberias Lake in northern Palestine along the Yammouneh Fault in the study area. Measurements of radon concentration along a station's profile in Blat village did not show any radon anomalous variation due to the discontinuity along the fault (pull-apart), and possible absence of stress and energy accumulation along the Yammouneh Fault line in that location.

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Late Cenozoic uplift along the northern Dead Sea transform in Lebanon and Syria

Abstract: Evidence of long-term, late Cenozoic uplift, as well as strike-slip faulting, is revealed by topographic and geological features along the northern 500 km of the Dead Sea fault system

Cited by 97 publications

References 39 publications

Different styles of faulting deformation along the Dead Sea Transform and possible consequences for the recurrence of major earthquakes

Different styles of faulting deformation along the Dead Sea Transform and possible consequences for the recurrence of major earthquakes

Strain partitioning of active transpression within the Lebanese restraining bend of the Dead Sea Fault (Lebanon and SW Syria)

Measurement of Anomalous Radon Gas Emanation Across the Yammouneh Fault in Southern Lebanon: A Possible Approach to Earthquake Prediction

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