Late Cenozoic regional uplift and localised crustal deformation within the northern Arabian Platform in southeast Turkey: Investigation of the Euphrates terrace staircase using multidisciplinary techniques

Demi̇r, Tuncer; Seyrek, Adnan; Westaway, Rob; Guillou, Hervé; Scaillet, Stéphane; Beck, Ant; Bridgland, David R.

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.01.005

Cited by 26 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…Thus the same Early Pleistocene reversals in vertical crustal motion are evident upstream in Turkey , 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 although greater subsequent uplift there means that the evidence is preserved higher within the landscape. This is consistent with the general southward tilt of the northern Arabian platform, indicative of a southward decrease in uplift (Arger et al, 2000;Demir et al, 2012).…”

Section: River Terrace Sequences: Archives Of Uplift and Climate Changesupporting

confidence: 85%

Quaternary fluvial archives and landscape evolution: a global synthesis

Bridgland

Westaway

2014

Proceedings of the Geologists' Association

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119

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The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Abstract: Late Cenozoic (and especially Quaternary) fluvial deposits and related landforms provide valuable information about landscape evolution, not just in terms of changing drainage patterns but also documenting changes in topography and relief. Recently compiled records from river systems worldwide have shed much light on this subject, particularly records of terrace sequences, although other types of fluvial archive can be equally informative. Terraces are especially valuable if they can be dated with reference to biostratigraphy, geochronology or by other means. The various data accumulated support the hypothesis that the incision observed from river terraces has been a response to progressive uplift during the Late Cenozoic. This has not occurred everywhere, however. Stacked fluvial sequences have formed in subsiding depocentres and have greater potential for surviving to become part of the longer-term geological record. More enigmatic are regions in the ancient cores of continents (cratons), which show little indication of sustained uplift or subsidence, with fluvial deposits of various ages occurring within a restricted range of elevation with respect to the valley floor. In areas of dynamic crust that were glaciated during the Last Glacial Maximum post-glacial river valleys are typically incised and often terraced in a similar way to valleys on post-Precambrian crust elsewhere, although the terraces and gorges in these systems are very much younger (~15 ka) and therefore the processes have been considerably more rapid. This paper is illustrated with various case-study examples of these different types of archives and discusses the implications of each for regional landscape evolution.

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Section: River Terrace Sequences: Archives Of Uplift and Climate Changesupporting

confidence: 85%

Quaternary fluvial archives and landscape evolution: a global synthesis

Bridgland

Westaway

2014

Proceedings of the Geologists' Association

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119

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“…As a first approximation, dividing this slip rate into this total slip value gives an age estimate of ~3.5 Ma. More detailed calculations are also possible; for example Westaway et al (2006) 1997;Maslin and Ridgwell, 2005), beginning circa MIS 22, that resulted in increased rates of erosion, thus driving more rapid uplift, here and in many other regions worldwide (e.g., Bridgland and Westaway, 2008;Demir et al, 2012). Other calculations of a similar nature are also possible, as detailed by Westaway et al (2006Westaway et al ( , 2008.…”

Section: Chronology Of Phases Of Crustal Deformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The kinematics of central-southern Turkey and northwest Syria revisited

et al. 2014

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Central-southern Turkey, NW Syria, and adjacent offshore areas in the NE Mediterranean region form the boundary zone between the Turkish, African and Arabian plates. A great deal of new information has emerged in recent years regarding senses and rates of active crustal deformation in this region, but this material has not hitherto been well integrated, so the interpretations of key localities by different teams remain contradictory. We have reviewed and synthesized this evidence, combining it with new investigations targeted at key areas of uncertainty. This work has led to the inference of previously unrecognized active faults and has clarified the roles of other structures within the framework of plate motions provided by GPS studies. Roughly one third of the relative motion between the Turkish and Arabian plates is accommodated on the Misis-Kyrenia Fault Zone, which links to the study region from the Kyrenia mountain range of northern Cyprus. Much of this motion passes NNE then eastward around the northern limit of the Amanos Mountains, as previously thought, but some of it splays northeastward to link into newly-recognised normal faulting within the Amanos Mountains. The remaining two thirds of the relative motion is accommodated along the Karasu Valley; some of this component steps leftward across the Amik Basin before passing southward onto the northern Dead Sea Fault Zone (DSFZ) but much of it continues southwestward, past the city of Antakya, then into offshore structures, ultimately linking Central-southern Turkey and northwest Syria; Page 2; 30/12/2013 to the subduction zone bounding the Turkish and African plates to the southwest of Cyprus.However, some of this offshore motion continues southward, west of the Syrian coast, before linking onshore into the southern DSFZ; this component of the relative motion is indeed the main reason why the slip rate on the northern DSFZ, measured geodetically, is so much lower than that on its southern counterpart. In some parts of this region, notably in the Karasu Valley, it is now clear how the expected relative plate motion has been accommodated on active faults during much of the Quaternary: rather than constant slip rates on individual faults, quite complex changes in the partitioning of this motion on timescales of hundreds of thousands of years are indicated. However, in other parts of the region it remains unclear whether additional major active faults remain unrecognised or whether significant relative motions are accommodated by distributed deformation or on the many smaller-scale structures present. Highlights

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“…The Kavşut gravel is attributed to regional subsidence during the Early Pleistocene (cf. Demir et al, 2012). Once again the correlation of the thick Lower Pleistocene Kavşut Gravel at Karababa with the Bilgin Gravel at Birecik and with the equivalent palaeovalley-fill deposits in the Syrian reach of the Euphrates is supported by the recovery of Lower Palaeolithic artefacts from the first-mentioned deposits in gravel quarries in the vicinity of Karababa bridge.…”

Section: Fig 5 Hereaboutsmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…2), showing the disposition of terrace gravels and dated basalts. Heights were obtained by Leica dGPS with reference to Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission imagery (see Demir et al, 2012). After ; modified from Westaway et al (2009c).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

River terrace development in the NE Mediterranean region (Syria and Turkey): Patterns in relation to crustal type

Bridgland

Demi̇r

Seyrek

et al. 2017

Quaternary Science Reviews

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(2017) 'River terrace development in the NE Mediterranean region (Syria and Turkey) : patterns in relation to crustal type.', Quaternary science reviews., 166 . pp. 307-323. Further information on publisher's website: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. JQSR-D-16-00142I am resubmitting our paper for the FLAG special issue od QSR: River terrace development in the NE Mediterranean region (Syria and Turkey): patterns in relation to crustal typePlease note tat the title has been changed to reflect the main thrust of the revision, which, based on advice from the reviewers and from the Guest Editor, gives emphasis to the patterns of archive preservation in relation to crustal type.The resubmission includes a 'response to reviews' document and a colour$coded annotated version of te new text, as well as a clean copy.I hope that this will prove acceptable. Many thanks Yours faithfullyDavid Bridgland It is widely recognized that the optimal development of river terraces globally has been in the temperate latitudes, with NW and Central Europe being areas of particular importance for the preservation of such archives of Quaternary environmental change. There is also a growing consensus that the principal drivers of terrace formation have been climatic fluctuation against a background of progressive (but variable) uplift. Nonetheless river terraces are widely preserved in the Mediterranean region, where they have often been attributed to the effects of neotectonic activity, with a continuing debate about the relative significance of fluctuating temperature (glacials-interglacials) and precipitation (pluvialsinterpluvials). Research in Syria and southern-central Turkey (specifically in the valleys of the Tigris and Ceyhan in Turkey, the Kebir in Syria and the trans-border rivers Orontes and Euphrates) has underlined the importance of uplift rates in dictating the preservation pattern of fluvial archives and has revealed different patterns that can be related to crustal type. The NE Mediterranean coastal region has experienced unusually rapid uplift in the Late Quaternary. The relation between the Kebir terraces and the staircase of interglacial raised beaches preserved along the Mediterranean coastline of NW Syria reinforces previous conclusions that the emplacement of the fluvial terrace deposits in the Mediterranean has occurred during colder climatic episodes. Department of Geography

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Late Cenozoic regional uplift and localised crustal deformation within the northern Arabian Platform in southeast Turkey: Investigation of the Euphrates terrace staircase using multidisciplinary techniques

Cited by 26 publications

References 50 publications

Quaternary fluvial archives and landscape evolution: a global synthesis

Quaternary fluvial archives and landscape evolution: a global synthesis

The kinematics of central-southern Turkey and northwest Syria revisited

River terrace development in the NE Mediterranean region (Syria and Turkey): Patterns in relation to crustal type

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