Last Glacial Maximum glacier fluctuations on the northern Alpine foreland: Geomorphological and chronological reconstructions from the Rhine and Reuss glacier systems

Kamleitner, Sarah; Ivy‐Ochs, Susan; Manatschal, Lucia; Akçar, Naki; Christl, Marcus; Vockenhuber, Christof; Hajdas, Irka; Synal, Hans-Arno

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108548

Cited by 9 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…By the time of the Stein am Rhein stadial, the southern tributary glaciers no longer reached the Swiss foreland (Figure 11b). This is clearly shown by the strings of frontal moraines built by south-flowing ice of the Rhine piedmont lobe (Figure 3) (Hottinger et al, 1970;Kamleitner et al, 2023;Keller & Krayss, 1980. Drumlins that exhibit clear splaying terminate at this moraine set.…”

Section: The Rhine Glacier During the Stein Am Rhein Stadialmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fitzsimons & Howarth, 2017) during active retreat is suggested. Important for our study is the fact that we could not identify any moraines that crosscut the Stein am and interpret all subglacial landforms internal to the Stein am Rhein ice marginal complex to have been shaped at the same time (isochronous) during the late LGM readvance (Habbe, 1988;Kamleitner et al, 2023;Keller & Krayss, 2005;Penck & Brückner, 1909).…”

Section: Orientation Of Streamlined Bedforms Internal To the Stein Ammentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The kriging workflow of Ng and Hughes (2019) Kamleitner et al, 2023;Preusser et al, 2007), Rhine glacier exited the Alps at the mouth of Alpenrhein Valley (Figure 1), where it had been laterally confined and strongly funneled. Upon encountering a much flatter landscape on the foreland, it spread to the west, north and east, filled the Lake Constance basin and, from there, flowed uphill (Figure 1c) to its maximum position at the Schaffhausen stadial moraines (Figure 11a).…”

Section: Modelled Basal Ice Flow Directions Of the Stein Am Rhein Flo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Bini et al, 2009;Eugster et al, 1960;Hantke, 2003;Hofmann, 1973;Jäckli, 1962;Keller, 1981;Keller & Krayss, 1980 poured over and across Appenzell, reaching the foreland near St. Gallen. Coalescence of ice masses from both Toggenburg and Appenzell is evidenced by the lack of LGM maximum (Schaffhausen stadial) moraines all along the southern sector (Bini et al, 2009;Hofmann, 1993;Hottinger et al, 1970;Jäckli, 1962;Kamleitner et al, 2023;Keller, 1981).…”

Section: Modelled Basal Ice Flow Directions Of the Stein Am Rhein Flo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…in the easternmost sector and as low as 430 m a.s.l. in the very western sector (Bini et al, 2009;Jäckli, 1962;Kamleitner et al, 2023;Keller & Krayss, 2005). Ice thickness was likely highly variable, thickening in the overdeepened basins and troughs (Figure 6) and thinning on higher parts of the topography (Figure 1c).…”

Section: Comparison Of Schaffhausen and Stein Am Rhein Stadial Ice Fl...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reconstructing basal ice flow patterns of the Last Glacial Maximum Rhine glacier (northern Alpine foreland) based on streamlined subglacial landforms

Kamleitner,

Ivy‐Ochs,

Salcher

et al. 2023

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Based on high‐resolution (sub)glacial geomorphological mapping, we present a first digital inventory of streamlined bedforms within the footprint of a Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) Alpine piedmont glacier. A total of 2460 drumlins were mapped across the Rhine glacier foreland. Glacial lineations and one field of subglacial ribs (ribbed/Rogen moraines) — the first record of this type of subglacial landform on the Alpine foreland—were identified. Two flowsets, associated with (i) the Rhine glacier's LGM maximum advance (Schaffhausen stadial) and (ii) a late LGM readvance (Stein am Rhein stadial), are differentiated. The vast majority of streamlined bedforms occur in fields aligned in a 16‐ to 30‐km‐wide swath upstream of the Stein am Rhein frontal moraines. Orientation and elongation of drumlins and glacial lineations set the basis for the reconstruction of paleo‐ice flow. Basal flow paths of the LGM maximum advance are visually interpreted and restricted to the zone proximal to the former ice front. The flow field reconstructed for the late LGM glacier readvance (Stein am Rhein stadial) extends tens of kilometres upstream and is modelled implementing a recently published kriging routine. The derived basal flow patterns paired with information on ice surface levels from lateral and frontal moraines and combined with relative ice velocity differences inferred from spatial changes in bedform elongation reveal detailed insights on ice flow geometries, particularly during the glacier readvance. Reconstructed flowlines highlight basal flow under shallow ice that is strongly controlled by local topography evidenced by diverging around basal bumps and converging in (narrow) valley sections and troughs, where basal flow velocities, steered by topography, are high. Gained paleo‐ice basal flow patterns offer new insights on landscape evolution of the northern Alpine foreland and provide evidence‐based flow data to validate future physical modelling results.

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Section: The Rhine Glacier During the Stein Am Rhein Stadialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Orientation Of Streamlined Bedforms Internal To the Stein Ammentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Modelled Basal Ice Flow Directions Of the Stein Am Rhein Flo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Modelled Basal Ice Flow Directions Of the Stein Am Rhein Flo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison Of Schaffhausen and Stein Am Rhein Stadial Ice Fl...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reconstructing basal ice flow patterns of the Last Glacial Maximum Rhine glacier (northern Alpine foreland) based on streamlined subglacial landforms

Kamleitner,

Ivy‐Ochs,

Salcher

et al. 2023

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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A rare piedmont glaciation in the Mediterranean: Insights from cosmogenic ³⁶Cl dating of Davraz hummocky moraine field (SW Türkiye)

Altınay,

Sarıkaya,

Wilcken

2024

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Piedmont glaciers (lobes), typically found in high latitudes and large mountainous regions, extend from ice sheets and ice caps to lower altitudes. However, they can also occur, although less commonly, on mid‐latitude mountains. When these fan‐like glaciers retreat, they leave behind hummocky moraines scattered in a chaotic pattern. In this study, we have mapped one of these mid‐latitude sites and established a Terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide (TCN) glacial chronology on Mount Davraz, namely Davraz hummocky moraine field (37°46′00″N, 30°43′15″E). Our findings indicate that the glaciers in this area started receding from the early local Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) period (21.8 ± 2.4 ka) to the early Late‐glacial period (17.7 ± 2.2 ka), and eventually disappearing. The deglaciation of the Mt. Davraz palaeoglacier matches nearby mountains, supported by southerly winds as significant for regional glaciation. Our discoveries reveal a robust connection between southerly winds and nearby glaciation, contributing to our understanding of how climate influences glaciers. Likewise, the glacial timelines of the neighbouring mountains align with the glacial history of Mt. Davraz.

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Postglacial evolution of the Lake Constance shelf and its relation to a 10-km long chain of submerged Neolithic mounds

Perler,

Benguerel,

Brem

et al. 2024

J Paleolimnol

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A recent bathymetric survey of Lake Constance revealed ~ 170 mounds composed of loosely deposited rocks aligned in a ~ 10-km long chain along the southern Swiss shoreline in a water depth of 3–5 m. The mounds are 10–30 m in diameter and up to 1.5 m high. Over their entire length of occurrence, the mounds are estimated to be composed of ~ 60 million individual boulders, with a total weight of ~ 78,000 t. A ground penetrating radar (GPR) survey showed that the mounds are not linked to the glacial substrate but were rather deposited artificially on the edge of a prograding shelf composed of Holocene lake sediments. Here, we present the results of a coring campaign with four piston cores along a GPR transect across one of the mounds. The cores recovered the full Holocene sedimentary succession all the way into the basal till that is overlain by lacustrine sediments dating back to ~ 14,400 cal. yrs BP. The four cores are merged into a ~ 12.4-m long composite section reflecting continuous sedimentation from the siliciclastic-dominated Late Glacial to the carbonate-rich Late Holocene. The stratigraphic horizon representing the mound’s construction was radiocarbon-dated to ~ 5600–5300 cal. yrs BP, placing them in the Neolithic period. This age was confirmed by radiocarbon dating of wood samples collected during underwater excavation of the mounds. Geochemical analysis of the Holocene sedimentary succession shows generally high carbonate contents (average of 69%). The interval from 5750 to 4950 cal. yrs BP, a part of the mound period, is characterized by a Holocene minimum in carbonate content (average of 57%) and by larger mean grain sizes. Comparing these values to those from a recent surface-sediment depth transect indicates that this was a period of rather low lake levels, which might have favoured mound construction. Correlations to nearby archaeological sites and to the general West-Central European lake-level record indicates that the mounds likely were built during a short phase of low lake levels during a general trend of climatic cooling followed by a lake-level transgression.

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Last Glacial Maximum glacier fluctuations on the northern Alpine foreland: Geomorphological and chronological reconstructions from the Rhine and Reuss glacier systems

Cited by 9 publications

References 105 publications

Reconstructing basal ice flow patterns of the Last Glacial Maximum Rhine glacier (northern Alpine foreland) based on streamlined subglacial landforms

Reconstructing basal ice flow patterns of the Last Glacial Maximum Rhine glacier (northern Alpine foreland) based on streamlined subglacial landforms

A rare piedmont glaciation in the Mediterranean: Insights from cosmogenic ³⁶Cl dating of Davraz hummocky moraine field (SW Türkiye)

Postglacial evolution of the Lake Constance shelf and its relation to a 10-km long chain of submerged Neolithic mounds

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Last Glacial Maximum glacier fluctuations on the northern Alpine foreland: Geomorphological and chronological reconstructions from the Rhine and Reuss glacier systems

Cited by 9 publications

References 105 publications

Reconstructing basal ice flow patterns of the Last Glacial Maximum Rhine glacier (northern Alpine foreland) based on streamlined subglacial landforms

Reconstructing basal ice flow patterns of the Last Glacial Maximum Rhine glacier (northern Alpine foreland) based on streamlined subglacial landforms

A rare piedmont glaciation in the Mediterranean: Insights from cosmogenic 36Cl dating of Davraz hummocky moraine field (SW Türkiye)

Postglacial evolution of the Lake Constance shelf and its relation to a 10-km long chain of submerged Neolithic mounds

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A rare piedmont glaciation in the Mediterranean: Insights from cosmogenic ³⁶Cl dating of Davraz hummocky moraine field (SW Türkiye)