Laserscanner Based ADAS for Motorcycle Safety

Pierini

Fitzharris

2019

Objective: Motorcycles and mopeds, often referred to as powered two wheelers (PTWs), play an important role for personal mobility worldwide. Despite their advantages, including low cost, space and fuel efficiency, the risk of sustaining serious or fatal injuries is higher than is the case for occupants of passenger cars. The development of safety systems specific for PTWs represents a potential way to reduce casualties among riders. With the proliferation of new active and passive safety technologies, the question as to which might offer the most value is important. In this context, a prioritisation process was applied to a set of PTW active safety systems to evaluate their applicability to crash scenarios alone and in combination. The systems included in the study were antilock braking, autonomous emergency braking, collision warning, curve warning, and curve assist. Methods: With the functional performance of the five safety systems established, the relevance of each system to specific crash configurations and vehicle movements defined by a standardized accident classification system used in Victoria, Australia, was rated by two independent reviewers, with a third reviewer acting as a moderator where disagreements occurred. Ratings ranged from 1 (definitely not applicable) to 4 (definitely applicable). Using population-based crash data, the number and percent of crashes that each safety system could potentially influence, or be relevant for, was defined. Applying accepted injury costs permitted the derivation of the societal economic cost of PTW crashes and the potential reductions associated with each safety system given a theoretical crash avoidance effectiveness of 100%. Results: In the 12-year period 2000-2011, 23,955 PTW riders and 1292 pillion passengers were reported to have been involved in a road crash, with over 500 killed and more than 10,000 seriously injured; only 3.5% of riders / pillions were uninjured. The total economic cost associated with these injured riders and pillions was estimated to be $AU 11.1 billion (US$7.70 billion; €6.67 billion). The five safety systems, as single solution or in combination, were relevant to 57% of all crashes, and to 74% riders killed. Antilock braking was found to be relevant to the highest number of crashes, with incremental increases in coverage when combined with other safety systems. Conclusions: The findings demonstrate that ABS, alone and in combination with other safety systems, has the potential to mitigate or possibly prevent a high percentage of PTW crashes in the considered setting. Other safety systems can influence different crash scenarios and are also recommended. Given the high cost of motorcycle crashes and the increasing number of PTW safety technologies, the proposed approach can be used to inform the process of selection of the most suitable interventions to improve PTW safety.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motorcycle active safety systems: Assessment of the function and applicability using a population-based crash data set

Pierini

Fitzharris

2019

“…Obstacle detection occurs via a laser scanner and dedicated control unit providing real time obstacle classification and tracking. The detection device has a horizontal field of view of 100 • and compensates via software for pitch and roll (Roessler and Kauvo 2009). An inertial measurement unit provides feedback on the dynamic state of the host motorcycle and a reference for determining the absolute position and speed of obstacles.…”

Section: Maeb System Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Further Development of Motorcycle Autonomous Emergency Braking (MAEB), What Can In-Depth Studies Tell Us? A Multinational Study

Rizzi

Brown

et al. 2014

“…Collision avoidance, intersection support, and intelligent transportation systems Current collision avoidance technology for PTW is limited to systems designed to scan the environment or monitor vehicle states to detect incipient conflict situations using a range of technologies including: video cameras (Fang et al 2014;Gil et al 2018), laser scanners (Roessler and Kauvo 2009), and vehicle to vehicle, or environment to vehicle communication (Berndt and Dietmayer 2008;Miucic et al 2015;Silla et al 2018). Study outcomes presented in the literature include the assessment of timing of intervention (Berndt and Dietmayer 2008), detection accuracy (Roessler and Kauvo 2009), rider acceptance , and safety impact (Berndt and Dietmayer 2008). In general, the technologies and systems described were in early stages of development, or involved early applications of existing automotive technologies to motorcycles.…”

Section: Autonomous Emergency Brakingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such functions appear viable when the opponent vehicle is coming from an opposite direction and turning in front of the host PTW. Tracking time of the obstacle detection system needs to be shorter than 0.5 s. The special PTW scenario of vehicle leaning was addressed by Roessler and Kauvo (2009) and Gil et al (2018), demonstrating detection accuracy within certain boundaries of assessed lean angles.…”

Section: Autonomous Emergency Brakingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active safety systems for powered two-wheelers: A systematic review

Lot

Massaro

et al. 2020

Objective: Active safety systems, of which antilock braking is a prominent example, are going to play an important role to improve powered two-wheeler (PTW) safety. This paper presents a systematic review of the scientific literature on active safety for PTWs. The aim was to list all systems under development, identify knowledge gaps and recognize promising research areas that require further efforts. Methods: A broad search using "safety" as the main keyword was performed on Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar, followed by manual screening to identify eligible papers that underwent a full-text review. Finally, the selected papers were grouped by general technology type and analyzed via structured form to identify the following: specific active safety system, study type, outcome type, population/sample where applicable, and overall findings. Results: Of the 8,000 papers identified with the initial search, 85 were selected for full-text review and 62 were finally included in the study, of which 34 were journal papers. The general technology types identified included antilock braking system, autonomous emergency braking, collision avoidance, intersection support, intelligent transportation systems, curve warning, human machine interface systems, stability control, traction control, and vision assistance. Approximately one third of the studies considered the design and early stage testing of safety systems (n. 22); almost one fourth (n.15) included evaluations of system effectiveness. Conclusions: Our systematic review shows that a multiplicity of active safety systems for PTWs were examined in the scientific literature, but the levels of development are diverse. A few systems are currently available in the series production, whereas other systems are still at the level of earlystage prototypes. Safety benefit assessments were conducted for single systems, however, organized comparisons between systems that may inform the prioritization of future research are lacking. Another area of future analysis is on the combined effects of different safety systems, that may be capitalized for better performance and to maximize the safety impact of new technologies.