Laser welding of polymers using high-power diode lasers

Bachmann, Friedrich; Russek, Ulrich A.

doi:10.1117/12.470660

Cited by 60 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…Selective NIR absorbers are of technical interest for NIR laser welding of transparent polymers. [16] In conclusion, the condensation of sufficiently soluble diketopyrrolopyrroles with 2-heteroarylacetonitriles provides a new approach to dyes 3 with strong NIR absorptions. Stiffening the chromophore affords NIR fluorophores 4 which results in spectacular properties becoming available.…”

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confidence: 99%

Near‐Infrared Dyes and Fluorophores Based on Diketopyrrolopyrroles

et al. 2007

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NIRly there: The chromophore of compounds with intramolecular H bonds have been rigidified by substitution of the protons of the NH⋅⋅⋅N bridges by BR2 groups (R=F, Ph). This stiffening and the polymethine character of the chromophores affords dyes with intense fluorescence at room temperature and high NIR absorption, but virtually no absorption in the visible range (see the picture for an example, —: absorption, ••••: fluorescence).

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Near‐Infrared Dyes and Fluorophores Based on Diketopyrrolopyrroles

et al. 2007

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“…Since that time, numerous other methods have been used to measure light transmission, most notably spectrometry and custom designed systems using low-powered laser sources and various methods of light detection [2,3]. Within the near-infrared region natural polymers have nearly no absorption [2,4]. Kagan and coworkers contributed a sizeable compilation of optical properties of nylon-based plastics containing various pigments and fillers [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In works modeling LTW, the absorption coefficient is generally assumed to be a constant throughout the entire process [2,7]. Work by Becker proposed that the absorption coefficient is a function of temperature, following a curve similar to the material density.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Early work measuring the transmission of a variety of pigmented ABS samples made use of a quartz-halogen filament with a maximum output at 890 nm for the light source and a thermocouple for the measurement sensor [1]. Since that time, numerous other methods have been used to measure light transmission, most notably spectrometry and custom designed systems using low-powered laser sources and various methods of light detection [2,3]. Within the near-infrared region natural polymers have nearly no absorption [2,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Near‐infrared laser absorption of poly(vinyl chloride) at elevated temperatures

Ven

Erdman

2006

Vinyl Additive Technology

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Modeling laser transmission welding of thermoplastics requires knowledge of the optical properties of the materials being joined. The optical properties are highly dependent on their unique combinations of base polymer, pigments, and fillers. Because of the complex phase transition that occurs when heating thermoplastics, the optical properties are not a constant, but a function of temperature. During laser transmission welding large changes in the material temperature affect the light absorption, thus changing the characteristics of heating owing to the laser radiation. This paper discusses an experiment measuring diode laser transmission through clear poly(vinyl chloride) samples while increasing the material temperature in an oven. It was found that the absorption coefficient follows repeated peaks and valleys between the glass transition temperature and the melting point. Above the melting point the absorption coefficient increases to a plateau before a further increase that is marked by thermal decomposition. In addition, the decomposition temperature was found to be dependent on the rate of heating. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 12:166–173, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers

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“…While the flow of material, as required for welding, could be modeled with molecular diffusion kinetic equations for many thermoplastics, particulate flow in PVC requires an experimental model. As a rough estimate, the onset of flow in PVC is at approximately 1758C [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hot pin welding of thin poly(vinyl chloride) sheet

Ven

Erdman

2007

Vinyl Additive Technology

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This paper develops a method of welding two thin sheets of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) with a heated pin, thus allowing construction of a relationship between the weld temperature and weld strength. Constructing a relationship between weld strength and temperature is necessary for modeling many welding processes, including laser transmission welding. An experimental approach to establishing this relationship is required because of the complex melting behavior of PVC. The designed experimental device uses a single heated pin to weld samples by using varying pressure and temperature for one second dwell time. An electro‐mechanical loadframe pulled the welded samples until joint failure occurred, thereby allowing determination of the weld strength. An experiment varying welding pin temperature and joining pressure found the temperature to be a highly significant determiner of weld strength, while the pressure was found to be not significant. A transient numerical heat transfer model was used to calculate the weld interface temperature for each pin temperature. The relationship established in this paper can be used to predict the weld strength from the temperature output from models of alternative welding methods. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 13:110–115, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers.

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Laser welding of polymers using high-power diode lasers

Cited by 60 publications

References 0 publications

Near‐Infrared Dyes and Fluorophores Based on Diketopyrrolopyrroles

Near‐Infrared Dyes and Fluorophores Based on Diketopyrrolopyrroles

Near‐infrared laser absorption of poly(vinyl chloride) at elevated temperatures

Hot pin welding of thin poly(vinyl chloride) sheet

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