Laser welding of aluminum car bodies - From research to production

Schinzel, C.; Hohenberger, Bernd; Dausinger, Friedrich; Hügel, H.

doi:10.2351/1.5059183

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The addition of filler materials to narrow the critical solidification range can effectively adjust the weld composition to avoid cracking. [13,17,18,40] During solidification, alloying elements and impurities are segregated at the grain boundaries by a microsegregation mechanism, causing liquation films to persist down to low temperature. [52] If sufficient liquid is available to fill in (backfill) the cracks and take up the strain formed during solidification, the stresses and cracking tendency will be minimized or prevented.…”

Section: Effect Of Joint Composition On Solidification Crackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[11] Both wire and powder forms have proved successful. [13,40] A newer technique involves the use of electroless boron -nickel in the weld zone. [63] The nickel forms a eutectic containing aluminum that results in fusion metal with sufficient eutectic to prevent cracking of welds.…”

Section: Effect Of Joint Composition On Solidification Crackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[34] The use of filler wire also has a stabilizing effect and a high beam quality. [39,40] Another approach relies on the "shaping" of the keyhole geometry with multifoci Nd:YAG systems. [39 -42] Using an appropriate multifocus geometry, the keyhole will be shaped such that the tendency of keyhole collapse is considerably reduced.…”

Section: Porosity Caused By the Collapse Of Unstable Keyholesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Research and Progress in Laser Welding of Wrought Aluminum Alloys. II. Metallurgical Microstructures, Defects, and Mechanical Properties

Cao

Wallace

Immarigeon

et al. 2003

Materials and Manufacturing Processes

145

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With the wide application of aluminum alloys in automotive, aerospace, and other industries, laser welding has become a critical joining technique for aluminum alloys. In this review, the research and progress in laser welding of wrought aluminum alloys are critically discussed from different perspectives. The primary objective of the review is to understand the influence of welding processes on joint quality and to build up the science base of laser welding for the reliable production of aluminum alloy joints. Two main types of industrial lasers, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and neodymiumdoped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG), are currently applied but special attention is paid to Nd:YAG laser welding of 5000 and 6000 series alloys in the keyhole (deep penetration) mode. In the preceding article of this review (part I), the laser welding processing parameters, including the laser-, process-, and material-related variables and their effects on welding quality, have been examined. In this part of the review, the metallurgical microstructures and main defects encountered in laser welding of aluminum alloys such as porosity, cracking, oxide inclusions, and loss of alloying elements are discussed from the point of view of mechanism of their formation, main influencing factors, and remedy measures. The main mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile and fatigue strength, and formability are also evaluated.

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Section: Effect Of Joint Composition On Solidification Crackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Joint Composition On Solidification Crackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Porosity Caused By the Collapse Of Unstable Keyholesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Research and Progress in Laser Welding of Wrought Aluminum Alloys. II. Metallurgical Microstructures, Defects, and Mechanical Properties

Cao

Wallace

Immarigeon

et al. 2003

Materials and Manufacturing Processes

145

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It was found that WC dissolution led to formation of cellular microstructure, transition layer and columnar crystal under the effect of tungsten arc and laser beam. The laser-MIG hybrid welding can improve the metallurgical property and microstructure of weld line by filling welding wires [20,21]. It is usually used for welding medium and heavy plates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison between hybrid laser-MIG welding and MIG welding for the invar36 alloy

Zhan

et al. 2016

Optics & Laser Technology

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“…Laser keyhole welding is characterized by high precision, deep penetration depths, low heat input and weldment distortion, and high welding speed [1,2]. However, when a laser is used to weld certain alloys, such as 5000 and 6000 series aluminium alloys which are desired by the auto industry for their excellent corrosion resistance and substantial strength [3], the low melting-point elements, such as aluminium or magnesium, are easily vaporized and lost from the weld region, leading to the formation of porosity, cracking susceptibility, changes of composition and mechanical properties and other defects [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of mixing and diffusion processes in hybrid spot laser–MIG keyhole welding

Zhou¹,

Tsai²

2009

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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In hybrid laser-MIG keyhole welding, anti-crack elements can be added into the weld pool through a filler metal in anticipation of compensating mass loss, preventing porosity formation and improving compositional and mechanical properties of the welds. Understanding the mixing and diffusion of the filler metal in the molten pool is vital to achieve these desired objectives. In this study, mathematical models and associated numerical techniques have been developed to investigate the mixing and diffusion processes in hybrid laser-MIG keyhole welding. The transient interactions between droplets and weld pool and dynamics of the melt flow are studied. The effects of key process parameters, such as droplet size (wire diameter), droplet generation frequency (wire feed speed) and droplet impinging speed, on mixing/diffusion are systematically investigated. It was found that compositional homogeneity of the weld pool is determined by the competition between the mixing rate and the solidification rate. A small-size filler droplet together with high generation frequency can increase the latitudinal diffusion of the filler metal into the weld pool, while the large-size droplet along with the low generation frequency helps to get more uniform longitudinal diffusion. Increasing the impinging velocity of the filler droplet can improve the latitudinal diffusion of the filler metal. However, a high impinging velocity can cause a lower diffusion zone in the upper part of the welds. This study provides a good foundation for optimizing the hybrid laser-MIG keyhole welding process to achieve quality welds with desired properties.

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Laser welding of aluminum car bodies - From research to production

Cited by 6 publications

References 2 publications

Research and Progress in Laser Welding of Wrought Aluminum Alloys. II. Metallurgical Microstructures, Defects, and Mechanical Properties

Research and Progress in Laser Welding of Wrought Aluminum Alloys. II. Metallurgical Microstructures, Defects, and Mechanical Properties

Comparison between hybrid laser-MIG welding and MIG welding for the invar36 alloy

Investigation of mixing and diffusion processes in hybrid spot laser–MIG keyhole welding

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