Laser welding and brazing of dissimilar materials

Deformation behavior of steel-to-aluminum tailor blanks made by laser/MIG hybrid and cold metal transfer brazing methods

“…The average upper and lower wetting lengths were almost the same for the CMT brazed specimens and longer compared with that of hybrid brazing specimens. With respect to the average thickness of the IMC layer, both methods yielded quite uniform layer thickness with values lower than the critical value of 10 μm reported in the literature below which good tensile properties could be achieved [9,13]. For laser/MIG brazed specimens, the average thickness of the IMC layer at the upper, lower, and side faying surfaces (Fig.…”

“…Moreover, the near-zero solubility between aluminum and steel, poor wetting behavior of aluminum, and other differences in physical and chemical properties of the base metals result in the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds (IMCs) layer in the steel/aluminum faying surfaces [7,21]. These IMCs form barriers to the welding process of steel to aluminum and lead to a fast fracture of the joint under dynamic (and even static) stress and consequently affect post-joining deformation and forming [13].…”

“…Most researchers believe that an efficient means to reduce phase formation, and potential reduction in joint brittleness, is by limiting the time when the joining zone is at elevated temperature [13]. Some studies utilized nonfusion joining processes in order to minimize the heat input during joining and consequently overcoming the problem of brittle IMCs formation.…”

“…Some researchers have attempted to obtain a correlation between bonding parameters and the mechanical properties of steel/aluminum brazed joints. Möller and Thomy [13] proposed that both wetting length and the formation of IMCs in the interfacial surfaces between the braze and substrate metals have an influence on static strength. Moreover, if seam quality is sufficient, the location of fracture depends not only on wetting length but also on the cross-section of the steel/aluminum interface zone.…”

Effect of Steel Galvanization on the Microstructure and Mechanical Performances of Planar Magnetic Pulse Welds of Aluminum and Steel

“…The high chemical affinity of these materials [4] is another key difficulty for welding because it causes the formation of intermetallic compounds (IMCs). [2,5] Many investigations report welding of Al to galvanized or bare steel, for instance, (1) in the liquid state through various processes, such as metal arc joining, [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] cold metal transfer, [15,16] resistance spot welding, [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] electric discharge bonding, [26] electron beam welding, [27,28] explosive welding, [29][30][31] laser welding, [1][2][3][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] laser [45][46]…”