“…In this case, the plasma plume expanded away from the normal and led to formation of short columinar structure. Vlasova et al [37] presented the effects of Nd:YAG laser interaction with a sheet of silicon (upper layer) and Al 2 O 3 (lower layer) to first demonstrate the composition of the ablated element exhibited from the laser-ceramic interaction. The ablated mixture was comprised of silicon, oxygen, and nitrogen.…”