Laser Transmission Welding of Thermoplastics: Analysis of the Heating Phase

Potente, H.; Korte, J.; Becker, F.L.

doi:10.1177/073168449901801005

Cited by 36 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The scattering of the laser beam is an important phenomenon because it has a great influence on the energy distribution within the materials, especially at the interface where the heat source has to be defined. An experimental solution to this necessity was given by Potente and Becker [4,6] which measured the laser beam profile before and after the transparent component, thus obtaining both the attenuation and the energy distribution at the interface. Within the present study, the scattering of the laser beam in semitransparent low absorbent polymers is modeled combining Mie theory and the Monte Carlo method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In computing the temperature field within the materials and at the interface, the heat conduction equation is used [3][4][5][6][7] taking in account a perfect contact between the two components subjected to welding. An estimation of the temperature at the interface is required for establishing the welding process parameters like laser power and welding speed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diode laser welding of ABS: Experiments and process modeling

Ilie

Cicala

Grevey

et al. 2009

Optics & Laser Technology

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The laser beam weldability of acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene (ABS) plates is determined by combining both experimental and theoretical aspects. In modeling the process, an optical model is used to determine how the laser beam is attenuated by the first material and to obtain the laser beam profile at the interface. Using this information as the input data to a thermal model, the evolution of the temperature field within the two components can be estimated. The thermal model is based on the first principles of heat transfer and utilizes the temperature variation laws of material properties. Corroborating the numerical results with the experimental results, some important insights concerning the fundamental phenomena that govern the process could be extracted. This approach proved to be an efficient tool in determining the weldability of polimeric materials and assures a significant reduction of time and costs with the experimental exploration

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diode laser welding of ABS: Experiments and process modeling

Ilie

Cicala

Grevey

et al. 2009

Optics & Laser Technology

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“…LTW is a 3-D [28][29][30][31][32] heat transfer problem. However, some authors have shown that 1-D [33,34] and 2-D [29,13,35] thermal models can be used to obtain reasonable estimations of the temperature distributions. In most cases, the simplicity and low computational times associated with 1-and 2-D timedependent models are traded-off against the accuracy associated with 3-D time-dependent solutions.…”

Section: Ltw Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal degradation of PC and PA6 during laser transmission welding

Bates

Okoro

2014

Weld World

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Laser transmission welding (LTW) causes a temperature rise at the weld interface which leads to melting, molecular diffusion and ultimately joining of the two components. Weld temperatures increase with laser power at a given scan speed. However, at higher temperatures, it has been observed that weld strength starts to decline due to material thermal degradation. Thermal degradation is a kinetic phenomenon which depends on both temperature and time. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is used to study the thermal degradation of two commonly used thermoplastic materials: polycarbonate (PC) and polyamide 6 (PA6). Each material was studied at several levels of carbon black (CB). The TGA data were then used to obtain the kinetic triplets (frequency factor, activation energy and reaction model) of the materials using a non-linear model-fitting method. These kinetic triplets were combined with temperature-time data obtained from a finite element method (FEM) simulation of the LTW process to predict material degradation. The conditions predicted to cause thermal degradation were then compared with experimental data. It is found that the predicted onset of material degradation is in reasonable agreement with both the onset of experimentally observed degradation and the onset of weld strength decline for PC and PA6.

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“…To simulate the temperature distribution, the heat conduction equation is solved, which has been done for laser-transmission welding of polymers for many years [28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. The heat conduction equation is given in the following form…”

Section: Simulation Of Temperature Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Laser-Beam Distribution on the Seam Dimensions for Laser-Transmission Welding: A Simulative Approach

Aden

2016

Lasers Manuf. Mater. Process.

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Radiation propagation and temperature development are simulated for lasertransmission welding of polycarbonate and polybutylene terephthalate parts. The simulations are carried out for a Gaussian-and an M-shape laser beam. For polycarbonate the shape of the laser beam is preserved, while for polybutylene terephthalate it is altered due to scattering processes. The resulting intensity and integrated intensity distribution in the joining zone are calculated for both polymers. They give rise to different temperature fields. The dimensions of the model seam are approximated by the dimensions of the melt isotherm. For polycarbonate the seam generated by a Gaussian beam has a non-homogeneous thickness and a width that is smaller than the beam diameter. For an M-shape beam it has a homogeneous thickness and its width scales with the width of the integrated intensity. For polybutylene terephthalate volumetric scattering destroys the original beam shape in the joining zone. The distributions of the integrated intensities and the dimensions of the seam are similar for both types of beams.

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Laser Transmission Welding of Thermoplastics: Analysis of the Heating Phase

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

Diode laser welding of ABS: Experiments and process modeling

Diode laser welding of ABS: Experiments and process modeling

Thermal degradation of PC and PA6 during laser transmission welding

Influence of the Laser-Beam Distribution on the Seam Dimensions for Laser-Transmission Welding: A Simulative Approach

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