“…As a route to probing space charge in insulators, our strategy is complementary to scanning-probe methods 9,10 , higher in resolution but restricted to examining surfaces. It also provides an alternative to acoustic-or thermal-stimuli methods [27][28][29][30] in that it is light-diffraction-limited and more naturally adapted to the investigation of small defect ensembles. While the present studies focused on diamond, we anticipate comparable behavior in other wide bandgap materials of technological importance.…”