Laser Techniques in High-Pressure Geophysics

Hemley, Russell J.; Bell, Peter M.; Mao, Ho‐kwang

doi:10.1126/science.237.4815.605

Cited by 81 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…USA, 10.1073͞pnas.220408697. Article and publication date are at www.pnas.org͞cgi͞doi͞10.1073͞pnas.220408697 pressure diamond cells (23)(24)(25)(26); both techniques use microscope objectives to focus the excitation laser to micrometer-sized beam waists and to collect Raman signals with confocal or crossline optics from three-dimensional micrometer-sized volumes of samples encapsulated in millimeter-thick diamonds. The pressure dependence of the Raman spectrum of coesite has been measured up to 40 GPa in diamond cells (27).…”

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confidence: 99%

Fossilized high pressure from the Earth's deep interior: The coesite-in-diamond barometer

Sobolev

Fursenko

Goryaĭnov

et al. 2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

148

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Mineral inclusions in diamonds provide an important source of information about the composition of the continental lithosphere at depths exceeding 120 -150 km, i.e., within the diamond stability field. Fossilized high pressures in coesite inclusions from a Venezuela diamond have been identified and measured by using laser Raman and synchrotron x-ray microanalytical techniques. MicroRaman measurements on an intact inclusion of remnant vibrational band shifts give a high confining pressure of 3.62 (؎0.18) GPa. Synchrotron single-crystal diffraction measurements of the volume compression are in accord with the Raman results and also revealed direct structural information on the state of the inclusion. In contrast to olivine and garnet inclusions, the thermoelasticity of coesite favors accurate identification of pressure preservation. Owing to the unique combination of physical properties of coesite and diamond, this ''coesite-in-diamond'' geobarometer is virtually independent of temperature, allowing an estimation of the initial pressure of Venezuela diamond formation of 5.5 (؎0.5) GPa.S pecimens of Earth materials from great depths often contain mineralogical or textural clues, such as metastable highpressure polymorphs or characteristic mineral assemblages implicating their high-pressure genealogy (1-3). The actual pressure, however, is seldom preserved and observed. For such observations, the sample must be retained in a strong container with appropriate relative thermoelastic properties, and nondestructive analytical techniques must be developed to probe the fossilized pressure condition in situ in the container. Diamond is the strongest possible container. Infrared absorption spectroscopy has been used as the probe for fluid inclusions in diamond (4), and high residual pressures have been reported on the basis of infrared spectra of quartz and CO 2 inclusions in the material (5, 6). In these studies, bulk spectra of diamond and numerous microscopic inclusions were measured; pressures and phases of different inclusions were not determined individually. Herein, we present direct measurements of pressures up to 3.6 GPa in individual coesite inclusions in diamond, a thermoelastic couple most favorable for pressure preservation. We use micro-Ramanand micro-single-crystal x-ray diffraction techniques to probe the pressure of each inclusion separately and precisely. Application to coesite inclusions in diamond from Venezuela provides a determination of the pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions of its formation.Diamond and its inclusions contain rich information about the petrogenesis and geochemistry of the Earth's deep interior (7,8). Although coesite-and diamond-bearing rocks (9-12) undoubtedly have a high-pressure origin, individually, coesite and diamond cover a wide P-T domain of stability (13, 14) that precludes their use as a precise and accurate geobarometer, because they give only a lower bound on the pressure of formation. In many cases, much higher pressures are suggested (15) based on mineral equilibria d...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fossilized high pressure from the Earth's deep interior: The coesite-in-diamond barometer

Sobolev

Fursenko

Goryaĭnov

et al. 2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

148

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“…One way is through direct measurement of atomic structure deformations using X-rays typically from bright and collimated synchrotron sources [32]. Alternatively one can use Brillouin scattering to retrieve the adiabatic bulk modulus from sound speed measurements which requires high contrast spectrometers to detect wavenumber shifts of the order of 1 cm −1 [33].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Holographic tracking and sizing of optically trapped microprobes in diamond anvil cells

et al. 2016

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We demonstrate that Digital Holographic Microscopy can be used for accurate 3D tracking and sizing of a colloidal probe trapped in a diamond anvil cell (DAC). Polystyrene beads were optically trapped in water up to Gigapascal pressures while simultaneously recording in-line holograms at 1 KHz frame rate. Using Lorenz-Mie scattering theory to fit interference patterns, we detected a 10% shrinking in the bead's radius due to the high applied pressure. Accurate bead sizing is crucial for obtaining reliable viscosity measurements and provides a convenient optical tool for the determination of the bulk modulus of probe material. Our technique may provide a new method for pressure measurements inside a DAC.

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“…In the second set of experiments, pressure measurements were also made by the standard ruby fluorescence technique (4,5) with chips of ruby embedded in the AP sample. Pressure calculations were based on independently measured temperature since both temperature and pressure affect the ruby R1 line frequency shift (6,7) Pressures were corrected for t e m p e m effects.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase transitions in ammonium perchlorate to 26 GPA and 700 K in a diamond anvil cell

Foltz¹,

Maienschein²

1996

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Laser Techniques in High-Pressure Geophysics

Cited by 81 publications

References 58 publications

Fossilized high pressure from the Earth's deep interior: The coesite-in-diamond barometer

Fossilized high pressure from the Earth's deep interior: The coesite-in-diamond barometer

Holographic tracking and sizing of optically trapped microprobes in diamond anvil cells

Phase transitions in ammonium perchlorate to 26 GPA and 700 K in a diamond anvil cell

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