Laser-Synthesized SERS Substrates as Sensors toward Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

Tommasini, Matteo; Zanchi, Chiara; Lucotti, Andrea; Bombelli, Alessandro; Villa, Nicolò Simone; Casazza, Marina; Ciusani, Emilio; Grazia, Ugo de; Santoro, Marco; Fazio, Enza; Neri, F.; Trusso, S.; Ossi, Paolo Maria

doi:10.3390/nano9050677

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…CBZ absorbs light in the UV region exhibiting absorption peaks at 220 and 285 nm. [ 52 ] At 254 nm, CBZ has a molar extinction coefficient (ε) of 6072 m −1 cm −1 , [ 53 ] and a quantum yield Φ 254 nm of 0.060 × 10 −2 mol Einstein −1 for direct photolysis. [ 54 ] Despite being considered as photoresistant, direct photolysis of CBZ was 14% after 4 h, which was in line with values from the literature using similar conditions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocatalytic ZnO Foams for Micropollutant Degradation

Guaraldo

Wenk

Mattia

2021

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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due to seasonal changes, water types, and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) configurations. [4] This is a global problem, with widespread presence of micropollutants in both influent and effluent from WWTPs in Asia, North America, and Europe. [4,5] However, conventional wastewater treatment plants both in urban and industrial areas are unable to effectively remove organic micropollutants. [5] Tertiary treatment for the removal of micropollutants, including advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), has been implemented in some countries, but remains expensive and energy intensive. [6] Among potential AOPs, photo catalysis has been shown to be effective at degrading pesticides, hormones, pharmaceuticals, and endocrine disruptors. [7] However, its implementation has, so far, been hampered by cost and safety concerns associated with the use of slurries on one hand, [7,8] and the low activity of immobilized photocatalyst configurations on the other. [9] The use of highly porous inorganic foams as supports for photocatalytic nanoparticles has been an attempt to address these twin issues. [10] Foams are 3D macroporous materials with defined porosity, [11] whose properties, e.g., pore size, shape, and permeability, [12] can be controlled during their synthesis. [13] Alumina foams have been used as a support for grafting of titania (TiO 2 ) nanoparticles, showing higher photocatalytic efficiency than TiO 2 slurries in a pilot-scale photocatalytic oxidation reactor under UV irradiation. [12] The photocatalytic removal of the herbicide paraquat was performed using TiO 2 / SiC foams, with TOC removal of 90% achieved in a flow reactor under UV irradiation. [14] A TiO 2 foam, prepared using a polymeric sacrificial layer, was used for the degradation of several organic pollutants including hexadecane, phenol, atrazine, RhB, and thiobencarb, under visible light irradiation, showing better removal performance than a slurry using P25 TiO 2 nanoparticles, with high stability and mineralization degree. [15] Complete mineralization of phenol was achieved using TiO 2 nanoparticles grafted onto Al 2 O 3 foams, with higher photocatalytic activity than the corresponding powder dispersion. [16] Further improvements in photocatalytic performance have been achieved by increasing the loading of TiO 2 nanoparticles onto the foam supports. [17] Regardless of their presence, as slurries or supported, the practical impossibility of ensuring that there is no leaching of nanoparticles from WWTPs, has induced the EU and other regulators to restrict their use in water treatment. [18] A potential alternative, proposed here, is to create foams that are inherently photocatalytic, i.e., made of a material that is photoactive, Photocatalytic foams can concomitantly overcome the disadvantages of slurry and immobilized photocatalysts in water treatment. However, foams have, so far, been restricted to nanoparticles grafting onto inert foam substrates, with the consequent risk of nanoparticle release into the environment. In this work, self-supporting, highly por...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocatalytic ZnO Foams for Micropollutant Degradation

Guaraldo

Wenk

Mattia

2021

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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“…Nevertheless, the adsorption of the collected material to the surface of the NPs is not fully guaranteed. In previous works, we observed that an acidic environment (pH = 2 using HCl) allowed the detection of the SERS spectra of aqueous solution of Perampanel (an antiepileptic drug) at the concentration level of 10-5 M, suggesting that the charge state of the molecule plays a relevant role in the SERS measurements [28,29]. In particular pH, acidic or alkaline depending on the chemical nature of the analyte, can play a role in the adsorption mechanism, thus fostering the SERS amplification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of pH on Nanostructured SERS Active Substrates for Detection of Organic Dyes

et al. 2021

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Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy is commonly used as analytical improvement to conventional Raman spectroscopy, able to respond to qualitative diagnostic enquiries, which involve low-concentrated molecular species in complex matrix. In this paper, we described fabrication, characterization and testing of a type of SERS-active substrates realized specifically to detect pigments in work of art. In particular, we detailed the SERS activity of nanostructured noble metal films deposited by pulsed laser ablation onto glass and polishing sheets substrates. The SERS response of the substrates was tested against the presence of some organic dyes in aqueous solutions. Measurements were performed at different pH values, in acidic or basic range, in order to investigate its role in the adsorption mechanism, thus fostering the SERS amplification. In addition, we checked the possible deterioration of the structural properties of the substrates that could occur in presence of alkaline or acidic environment. SERS activity of the substrates was tested against a commonly dye used as a SERS standard (Blue Methylene). Thereafter, substrates have been tested on two organic dyes (Alizarine red-S and Brazilwood), which had proven to be Raman active but present also either a weak Raman scattering cross section and/or a high fluorescence emission. The substrates have proven effective in amplifying Raman scattering of all dyes, quenching troubling fluorescence effects. Furthermore, they have proven to be stable in the pH range between 3 and 11. Furthermore, we carry out of vibrational DFT-calculation of dyes that provide a complete description of the observed SERS spectra.

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“…Good results have been achieved so far, but the routine application of SERS in clinical practice is still unfeasible [ 4 ]. Previous works focused on the potential of SERS in TDM of selected drugs, such as Carbamazepine (CBZ) [ 5 , 6 ], Lamotrigine (LTG) [ 7 ], Perampanel (PER) [ 5 , 8 , 9 , 10 ], Apomorphine (APO) [ 11 , 12 ], and 6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP) [ 13 ], which are dissolved in simple solutions at concentrations within or outside their therapeutic range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The AED selected for this work (PER) is an orally active, highly selective, non-competitive AMPA receptor antagonist authorized as an adjunctive therapy for the treatment of partial-onset seizures in epileptic patients aged 12 years and older in more than 55 countries [ 14 , 15 ]. Focusing on PER detection, gold and silver nanoparticles (NPs) produced by chemical methods and deposited onto glass supports, and nanostructured films produced by pulsed laser ablation (PLA) or pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) were employed as SERS substrates in the last few years [ 6 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 16 , 17 ]. Important issues concerning the sensitivity, the detection limit, the spatial uniformity, and the repeatability were systematically addressed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensing the Anti-Epileptic Drug Perampanel with Paper-Based Spinning SERS Substrates

et al. 2021

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The applications of SERS in therapeutic drug monitoring, or other fields of analytical chemistry, require the availability of sensitive sensors and experimental approaches that can be implemented in affordable ways. In this contribution, we show the production of cost-effective SERS sensors obtained by depositing Lee-Meisel Ag colloids on filter paper either by natural sedimentation or centrifugation. We have characterized the morphological and plasmonic features of the sensors by optical microscopy, SEM, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Such sensors can be used to quantify by SERS the anti-epileptic drug Perampanel (in the concentration range 1 × 10−4–5 × 10−6 M) by spinning them during the micro-Raman measurements on the top of a custom device obtained from spare part hard disk drives. This approach minimizes laser-induced heating effects and allows averaging over the spatial non-uniformity of the sensor.

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Laser-Synthesized SERS Substrates as Sensors toward Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

Cited by 22 publications

References 23 publications

Photocatalytic ZnO Foams for Micropollutant Degradation

Photocatalytic ZnO Foams for Micropollutant Degradation

Role of pH on Nanostructured SERS Active Substrates for Detection of Organic Dyes

Sensing the Anti-Epileptic Drug Perampanel with Paper-Based Spinning SERS Substrates

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