Laser Surgery in Aquatic Animals (Sea Turtles)

Burkhalter, Brooke; Norton, Terry M.

doi:10.1002/9781119486053.ch21

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In sea turtle rehabilitation, traumatic injuries such as limb amputations and shell and long bone fractures often occur secondary to boat strikes, predator attacks, and entanglement in fishing gear and often require surgery [ 1 , 2 ]. Fibropapillomatosis is common in green turtles presenting to rehabilitation centers and is often managed by CO 2 laser tumor removal, which produces significant postoperative pain [ 3 ]. Significant information has been published on the capacity of reptiles to perceive pain from these types of injuries and surgical procedures [ 4 , 5 ]; thus, appropriate perioperative and postsurgical pain management in these cases is critical [ 1 , 2 , 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fibropapillomatosis is common in green turtles presenting to rehabilitation centers and is often managed by CO 2 laser tumor removal, which produces significant postoperative pain [ 3 ]. Significant information has been published on the capacity of reptiles to perceive pain from these types of injuries and surgical procedures [ 4 , 5 ]; thus, appropriate perioperative and postsurgical pain management in these cases is critical [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. A reduced time to return to feeding has been reported in sea turtles after receiving analgesic drugs [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-Injection Pharmacokinetics of Meloxicam in Kemp’s Ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) and Green (Chelonia mydas) Sea Turtles after Subcutaneous Administration

Norton¹,

Clauss²,

Overmeyer³

et al. 2021

Animals

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The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics and safety of multiple injections of meloxicam (MLX) administered subcutaneously (SQ) in Kemp’s ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) and green (Chelonia mydas) sea turtles. Based on results from a previously published single-injection study, a multiple-injection regimen was derived for the Kemp’s ridleys, which consisted of administering MLX at a dose of 1 mg/kg SQ every 12 h for 5 days, and for green turtles at a dose of 1 mg/kg SQ every 48 h for three treatments. Six turtles of each species were used for the study, and blood samples were taken at multiple time intervals. The terminal half-life after the last dose for the Kemp’s ridley sea turtles was calculated at 7.18 h, and for the green sea turtles at 23.71 h. Throughout the multiple injections, MLX concentrations remained above 0.57 µg/mL, a concentration targeted in humans for the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. No negative side effects or changes to blood parameters evaluated were observed during the study in either species. The results of this study suggest MLX should be administered SQ to Kemp’s ridley sea turtles at a dosage of 1 mg/kg every 12 h and in green sea turtles at a dose of 1 mg/kg every 48 h. The novelty of this work is that it is a multiple-injection study. Multiple injections were administered and produced concentrations that were considered therapeutic in humans, and the turtles did not have any adverse side effects. Furthermore, there were large differences in the pharmacokinetic values between green and Kemp’s ridley sea turtles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Injection Pharmacokinetics of Meloxicam in Kemp’s Ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) and Green (Chelonia mydas) Sea Turtles after Subcutaneous Administration

Norton¹,

Clauss²,

Overmeyer³

et al. 2021

Animals

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Recommendation of consensus definition of sea turtle fibropapillomatosis

Saladin,

Freggi

2024

Wildlife Letters

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Sea turtle fibropapillomatosis (FP) is an emerging transboundary contagious disease that affected concomitantly two different marine hot spots in the Northern Atlantic Ocean and in the South China Sea at the beginning of the twentieth century. FP reached a panzootic status in the 1990s in green turtle (Chelonia mydas) populations, with increased risks of emergence and spread of the disease which have been correlated with climate induced terrestrial and oceanic physical and chemical changes. During 2023–2024, scientific experts performed a bibliographic review and recommend the consensus definition of sea turtle fibropapillomatosis. FP is an emerging transboundary viral terrestrial and aquatic contagious neoplastic syndrome involving cancerous molecular transmission pathways, which may affect all species of sea turtles at all life stages. The diagnosis of the most common verrucous form of FP is pathognomonic by visual examination of a sea turtle. We summarize the main clinical characteristics of FP, moderated by a degree of confidence of research findings adapted from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessment reports. We recommend the implementation of a universal and transparent monitoring strategy of sea turtle fibropapillomatosis in sentinel bays, under the governance of the World Organisation for Animal Health.

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Marine leech parasitism of sea turtles varies across host species, seasons, and the tumor disease fibropapillomatosis

2021

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Fibropapillomatosis (FP) is a tumorous disease affecting all species of sea turtles and is associated with the pathogen chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5). Hypothesized ChHV5 vectors include the marine leeches Ozobranchus branchiatus and O. margoi, but data on their associations with FP and ChHV5 are minimal. To establish relationships between leech parasitism, turtle hosts, and FP, we compared green and loggerhead turtles from the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), Florida, USA, in terms of (1) the presence or absence of ChHV5 within associated leeches, (2) the association between leech parasitism and host FP status, and (3) seasonal variation in leech presence. We identified 55 leeches collected from green turtles as O. branchiatus and 22 leeches collected from loggerhead turtles as O. margoi. Of 77 sequenced leeches, 10 O. branchiatus and 5 O. margoi were ChHV5 positive. ChHV5-positive O. branchiatus trended towards coming from FP-positive hosts. Using 12 yr of turtle capture data from the IRL, we found that leech parasitism was significantly correlated with FP and capture month in green turtles but not in loggerhead turtles. These results suggest that O. branchiatus and O. margoi may differ in their ability to transmit ChHV5 or to encounter and remain on FP-positive hosts. Alternatively, potential immunological differences between green and loggerhead turtles may explain the observed relationships. This study is the first to provide robust statistical evidence of an association between leeches and FP, as well as seasonal fluctuations in leech presence, in green turtles but not in loggerhead turtles.

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Laser Surgery in Aquatic Animals (Sea Turtles)

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Multi-Injection Pharmacokinetics of Meloxicam in Kemp’s Ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) and Green (Chelonia mydas) Sea Turtles after Subcutaneous Administration

Multi-Injection Pharmacokinetics of Meloxicam in Kemp’s Ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) and Green (Chelonia mydas) Sea Turtles after Subcutaneous Administration

Recommendation of consensus definition of sea turtle fibropapillomatosis

Marine leech parasitism of sea turtles varies across host species, seasons, and the tumor disease fibropapillomatosis

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