Laser surface nitrided Ti–6Al–4V for light weight automobile disk brake rotor application

Duraiselvam, Muthukannan; Valarmathi, A.; Shariff, S.M.; Padmanabham, G.

doi:10.1016/j.wear.2013.11.025

Cited by 32 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Kaspar et al [66] used a CO 2 laser to nitride Ti64 in dilute N 2 environments and found that increasing the hardness to a value of 550 HV was enough to significantly increase the cavitation erosion wear resistance, which is important in applications such as pumps, impellers, and steam turbine blades. Recently, the use of Ti64 in automotive applications was explored by Duraiselvam et al [86]. They used a CW diode laser with a rectangular beam profile to produce a 120 µm-thick nitrided layer with a hardness of 760 HV on Ti64 specimens; the nitrided sample performed better than grey cast iron at the same wear testing conditions, prompting the authors to patent their technique as a viable process of producing wear-resistant Ti64 specimens that can replace grey cast iron in disk brake rotor applications.…”

Section: Chronological Development Of the Laser Nitriding Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apart from CO 2 and Nd:YAG lasers, researchers in recent times have also used free electron (FEL) [88,89], diode [82,86,90], and Ytterbium lasers [83] to perform nitriding of titanium. Lisiecki [90] lists higher absorption and more uniform heating as some of the main advantages of using a diode laser with a rectangular beam mode over more conventional laser sources such as the CO 2 laser with a Gaussian beam mode.…”

Section: Chronological Development Of the Laser Nitriding Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laser-Sustained Plasma (LSP) Nitriding of Titanium: A Review

et al. 2019

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Titanium and its alloys possess several attractive properties that include a high strength-to-weight ratio, biocompatibility, and good corrosion resistance. However, due to their poor wear resistance, titanium components need to undergo surface hardening treatments before being used in applications involving high contact stresses. Laser nitriding is a thermochemical method of enhancing the surface hardness and wear resistance of titanium. This technique entails scanning the titanium substrate under a laser beam near its focal plane in the presence of nitrogen gas flow. At processing conditions characterized by low scan speeds, high laser powers, and small off-focal distances, a nitrogen plasma can be struck near the surface of the titanium substrate. When the substrate is removed, this plasma can be sustained indefinitely and away from any potentially interacting surfaces, by the laser power and a cascade ionization process. This paper presents a critical review of the literature pertaining to the laser nitriding of titanium in the presence of a laser-sustained plasma, with the ultimate objective of forming wide-area, deep, crack-free, wear-resistant nitrided cases on commercially pure titanium substrates.

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Section: Chronological Development Of the Laser Nitriding Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chronological Development Of the Laser Nitriding Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-Sustained Plasma (LSP) Nitriding of Titanium: A Review

et al. 2019

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“…El titanio y sus aleaciones poseen buenas propiedades como resistencia a la corrosión, resistencia a altas temperaturas y biocompatibilidad además de su baja densidad lo cual lo hace un material muy utilizado en la industria médica, química [1] así como en la automotriz en la cual se emplea para la construcción de bielas, muelles, sistemas de escape entre otros [2][3] de igual forma es utilizado en la industria aeronáutica para la construcción de partes del fuselaje del avión y componentes de la cámara de compresión como el turbofan [3].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Efecto de la velocidad de calentamiento sobre las propiedades mecánicas y resistencia a la corrosión de aleaciones de titanio modificadas

Cely

et al. 2018

Ingeniare. Rev. chil. ing.

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RESUMENEl titanio y sus aleaciones son ampliamente utilizados como materiales biocompatibles, debido a su estabilidad química con el cuerpo humano, una buena relación densidad/resistencia, resistencia a la fatiga, resistencia a la corrosión, entre otros. La capacidad de estos materiales a desarrollar una película pasiva de óxido de manera natural sobre la superficie, lo hace favorable a diferentes aplicaciones, no obstante, la estabilidad de la película es afectada por ambientes agresivos. Los procesos de modificación superficial han sido una alternativa para mejorar la resistencia a la corrosión y algunas propiedades mecánicas. Estas características se deben entre otros a la generación de manera natural de una película de óxido pasiva cuando son expuestos al aire. Esta investigación evaluó el efecto de la velocidad de calentamiento en la oxidación térmica de aleaciones de titanio (Ti6Al4V). Las aleaciones de titanio fueron sometidas a oxidación térmica a 600,700 y 800°C con velocidad de calentamiento de 3, 4 y 5 °Cmin -1 y enfriamiento isotérmico en horno. La caracterización morfológica de la película de óxido se llevó a cabo mediante Microscopia Electrónica de Barrido y las pruebas de resistencia a la corrosión se realizaron mediante técnicas de polarización potenciodinámica en solución Ringer como electrolito. Los resultados muestran la influencia de la temperatura y la velocidad de calentamiento en el espesor de la película de óxido en un diseño factorial 3 2 . Las muestras oxidadas térmicamente a 600 y 800ºC presentaron mejores resultados respecto a resistencia a la corrosión, además se evidenció un incremento de dureza 2.5 veces mayor en muestras oxidadas a 800°C en comparación con el material base.Palabras clave: Aleación Ti6Al4V, oxidación térmica, corrosión, dureza, diseño factorial. ABSTRACTTitanium alloys are widely used as biocompatibles materials, due to their chemical stability inside of the body, a good relationship between density/resistance, fatigue resistance, corrosion resistance and other. The capacity of these materials to develop a naturally passive oxide layer on the surface, makinge them favorable for different applications. However, the stability of the film is affected by aggressive environment. Therefore, the surface modification process has been an alternative to improve the corrosion resistance, and some mechanical properties. This research evaluated the effect of the heating rate on the thermal oxidation of titanium alloys (Ti6Al4V). The method consisted in producing oxide films by thermal oxidation at 600, 700 and 800°C at different heating rates 3, 4 and 5 °Cmin -1 and isothermal cooling in furnace. Morphological characterization was carried out through Scanning Electronic Microscopy, and the corrosion resistance test was carried out by potentiodynamic polarization study using Ringer´s solution as an electrolyte. The results showed the influence of the temperature and heating rate on the thickness of the oxide layer in factorial design 3 2 . Thermally oxidized

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“…Titanium alloys are widely used in aerospace, automotive, chemical and prosthetics industries due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, excellent corrosion resistance and outstanding biocompatibility [1][2][3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and wear resistance of Ti6Al4V surfaces processed by pulsed laser

Chen

Usta

Eriten

2017

Surface and Coatings Technology

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When pulsed laser beams deposit spatially and temporally localized power on the metallic surfaces, microstructure and mechanical properties could change significantly. During and after each pulse, the exposed surface experiences a cycle of thermal processes involving extremely high heating and cooling rates, which consequently cause significant microstructure evolution. Changes in mechanical strength follow such microstructural changes. In this work, the influence of pulsed laser processing (PLP) on microstructural evolution, resulting hardness and wear resistance of Ti6Al4V surfaces is investigated. Average pulse power is varied from surface heating to melting regimes in processing. A 2D axisymmetric finite element model of a single pulse is utilized to obtain the heating and cooling histories, and a phase transformation mapping procedure is used to obtain the microstructural evolution. Melting (MZ) and heat affected zones (HAZ) observed at the cross sections of the processed surfaces are found to correlate with the predicted temperature field. The resulting phases in those zones are predominantly martensitic α' and α phase; higher laser power produces thicker martensitic α' surface layers several microns into the processed surface. Nanoindentation, nano/microscale and mesoscale wear tests are then applied to the processed surfaces to identify the effects of microstructure on hardness and wear resistance. The surface processed by higher laser power shows higher hardness and wear resistance compared to the surface processed by low power laser. The hardness and wear resistance of the surface processed by low power laser shows no obvious change from substrate material. Mixture of hard martensitic surface layer and underlying ductile substrate resulting from PLP facilitate superior resistance to abrasive and partly low cycle fatigue wear.

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Laser surface nitrided Ti–6Al–4V for light weight automobile disk brake rotor application

Cited by 32 publications

References 19 publications

Laser-Sustained Plasma (LSP) Nitriding of Titanium: A Review

Laser-Sustained Plasma (LSP) Nitriding of Titanium: A Review

Efecto de la velocidad de calentamiento sobre las propiedades mecánicas y resistencia a la corrosión de aleaciones de titanio modificadas

Microstructure and wear resistance of Ti6Al4V surfaces processed by pulsed laser

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