Laser Surface Hardening of Ni-hard White Cast Iron

Al-Sayed, Samar Reda; Elshazli, Ahmed Magdi; Al-Shatri, Hussein

doi:10.3390/met10060795

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…From Figure 4, can be observed that the depth of the hardened region was inversely proportional to the scan speed of the laser beam, the depth of the hardened region slightly increased as scan speed decreased at a certain laser power, and became clearer with increasing laser power, the reason for this when the scan speed decreases, the heating time increases, thereby increase the heat input, which increases the depth of the hardened region. This result agrees with what was obtained by Samar Reda Al-Sayed et al [12] Figure 3: Microhardness with different power…”

Section: Effect Of Laser Processes On Hardeningsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…the technology of surface treatment is one of the key approaches for creating materials with improved mechanical qualities. Surface treatments are commonly used to enhance the surface properties of alloys and materials such as hardness, corrosion and wear resistance, to achieve high-performance requirements of industrial applications [10]- [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhancement of Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance of Cast Iron Alloy Using CO2 Laser Surface Treatment

K. Fayyadh

2022

JMechE

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This work aimed to study the effect of laser surface treatment on the mechanical characteristics and corrosion behaviour of grey cast iron type A159. Many technical applications used conventional surface treatment, but laser surface hardening has recently been used to enhance the surface properties of many alloys. The mechanical characteristics, including microstructure, microhardness, and wear resistance of A159 grey cast iron, were studied, in addition to corrosion behaviour. The experimental laser parameters in this work were 0.9, 1.2, and 1.5 KW power with continuous wave carbon dioxide lasers with scanning speeds of 10 and 12 mm/s were used. The results found that phase-transitional alterations in microstructure were influenced by laser therapy. Also, the microhardness increased with increasing power, with the maximum reaching approximately 950 HV while the base metal has an average of approximately 260 HV. Also, we found the power laser increased corrosion resistance by lowering the corrosion rate (CR) from 21.10 for the untreated sample to 1.02 (m.p.y.), additionally, corrosion protection efficiency (CPE) increased to 95.27 percent. On the other hand, the wear test revealed that mass loss decreased as laser surface treatment power increased; it reached 0.19 g for the laser-treated samples, compared to 1.25 g for the base metal after the 50th minute of the wear experiment.

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Section: Effect Of Laser Processes On Hardeningsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance of Cast Iron Alloy Using CO2 Laser Surface Treatment

K. Fayyadh

2022

JMechE

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“…Laser surface engineering is a novel approach for the surface modification of metals that are aimed at enhancing their performance when subjected to severe environmental and industrial conditions [ 11 ]. Laser processing, which is a newly developed technique, offers many attractive advantages over conventional coating techniques [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Surface Modification of TC21 (α/β) Titanium Alloy Using a Direct Energy Deposition (DED) Process

et al. 2021

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The TC21 alloy (Ti-6Al-3Mo-1.9Nb-2.2Sn-2.2Zr-1.5Cr) is considered a new titanium alloy that replaced the commercial Ti-6Al-4V alloy in aerospace applications due to its higher operating temperatures. Recently, direct energy deposition was usually applied to enhance the hardness, tribological properties, and corrosion resistance for many alloys. Consequently, this study was performed by utilizing direct energy deposition (DED) on TC21 (α/β) titanium alloy to improve their mechanical properties by depositing a mixture powder of stellite-6 (Co-based alloy) and tungsten carbides particles (WC). Different WC percentages were applied to the surfaces of TC21 using a 4 kW continuous-wave fiber-coupled diode laser at a constant powder feeding rate. This study aimed to obtain a uniform distribution of hard surfaces containing undissolved WC particles that were dispersed in a Co-based alloy matrix to enhance the wear resistance of such alloys. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) were used to characterize the deposited layers. New constituents and intermetallic compounds were found in the deposited layers. The microhardness was measured for all deposited layers and wear resistance was evaluated at room temperature using a dry sliding ball during a disk abrasion test. The results showed that the microstructure of the deposited layer consisted of a hypereutectic structure and undissolved tungsten carbide dispersed in the matrix of the Co-based alloy that depended on the WC weight fraction. The microhardness values increased with increasing WC weight fraction in the deposited powder by more than threefold as compared with the as-cast samples. A notable enhancement of wear resistance of the deposited layers was thus achieved.

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“…DED system consists of 9-axis numerical control working table and an attached coaxial nozzle powder feeder system (TECHNOGENIA Middle East company, Dubai, UAE). During the DED process, TC21 sample was placed in an area protected by argon gas that was continuously shielded with a flowing rate of 15 L min −1 to avoid any oxidation of the melt pool [20,21]. To investigate the influence of DED process parameters on quality characteristics and microhardness of deposited layer, a series of powder feeding rates were attempted as listed in Table 1.…”

Section: Design Of Ded Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of laser process parameters in direct energy deposition on microstructure, layer characteristics, and microhardness of TC21 alloy

Elshaer

Elshazli

Al-Shatri

et al. 2022

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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In the present study, layers consisting of 40% Stellite-6 and 60% WC were deposited on Ti-6Al-3Mo-2Sn-2Zr-2Nb-1.5Cr-0.1Si (TC21) alloy by means of direct energy deposition (DED) technology aiming to improve the microstructure and microhardness. Five powder feeding rates ranging from 20 to 100 ɡ min−1 were applied using CW fiber-coupled diode laser with 4 kW output power. The deposited layers were analyzed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The results show that WC particles are dispersed in a heterogeneous manner in the deposition zone, especially at the rates 20, 40, and 60 ɡ min−1. In addition, microcracks appeared in the interface zone particularly at 100 ɡ min−1 due to the higher induced residual stresses caused by the difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion between Stellite-6, WC particles, and TC21 substrate alloy. Several complex carbides and intermetallic compounds such as W2C, TiC, Cr7C3, Co3W3C, and Co25Cr25W8C2 were detected in the deposited layers depending on the powder feeding rate. With further increase in the powder feeding rate, the fractions of W2C and the bulk (unmelted) WC particles were increased and that of the TiC particle was reduced correspondingly due to the thermal diffusion. The layer thickness increased from 1.3 to 2.7 mm when the powder feeding rate increased from 40 to 100 ɡ min−1, while the dilution ratio decreased from 23 to 5.3% as a result of the thermal diffusion of the laser energy. The microhardness of the composite was found to be three times higher than that recorded for the TC21 substrate (1020 vs. 340 HV0.05). The results revealed that the best homogeneous microstructure with the highest microhardness was achieved at the powder feeding rate of 100 ɡ min−1 whereas microcracks free layers were accomplished at 40 ɡ min−1.

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Laser Surface Hardening of Ni-hard White Cast Iron

Cited by 10 publications

References 28 publications

Enhancement of Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance of Cast Iron Alloy Using CO2 Laser Surface Treatment

Enhancement of Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance of Cast Iron Alloy Using CO2 Laser Surface Treatment

Laser Surface Modification of TC21 (α/β) Titanium Alloy Using a Direct Energy Deposition (DED) Process

Impact of laser process parameters in direct energy deposition on microstructure, layer characteristics, and microhardness of TC21 alloy

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