Laser Surface Alloying of Austenitic 316L Steel with Boron and Some Metallic Elements: Properties

Kulka, Michał; Mikołajczak, Daria; Dziarski, Piotr; Panfil, Dominika

doi:10.3390/ma14112987

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(591 reference statements)

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“…Attention was paid to the influence of alloying elements and ceramic reinforcements, their dispersion into the stainless steel matrix, and the importance of the matrix-reinforcement interface. A combination of properties (e.g., very good mechanical strength or corrosion resistance) makes SSS enjoy more and more interest and causes it to be a very attractive material for numerous applications [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. For example, Kovaci H. and Seçer Y., in their research [ 17 ], proved the improvement of the service life of AISI 316L biomedical implants by nitriding followed by polishing and Ti-C:H sputtering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oke S. R. et al [ 13 ] used laser surface alloying with boron, and some metallic elements were used in order to form the surface layers of austenitic 316L steel with improved wear behaviour. The use of the mixtures of boron and selected metallic elements as the alloying materials has been shown to reduce the laser beam power in order to obtain layers of acceptable quality, i.e., devoid of defects typical of laser processing (microcracks, gas pores).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laser Surface Alloying of Sintered Stainless Steel

et al. 2022

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A characteristic feature of sintered stainless steel (SSS) is its porosity. Porosity results in a lower density of steel, making attractive components for producing lightweight structures and materials used in industry (e.g., the automotive industry or aerospace). Scientists also observe that porosity adversely affects steel’s properties, especially its strength properties. One of the proposals for improving the discussed properties is the use of surface treatment of sintered stainless steels, e.g., with the use of concentrated energy sources such as plasma beams or laser beams. However, this proposal is an incidental subject of research, which is not justified from the point of view of the obtained research results presented by a few research groups. In this study, the surface modification (surface treatment) of sintered stainless steel was presented. The authors proposed the use of two surface treatments in order to compare them and obtain the best results. The first treatment was the deposit of Cr3C2–NiCr coatings on SSS surfaces using the atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) method. The second treatment was to create surface layers on SSSs by laser alloying the surface with a CO2 laser. Due to high precision and ease of automation, the most common methods in surface alloying treatment are laser technologies. This research’s main aim was to analyze the microstructure and strength properties of the SSS surface layer. The research confirms that applying the Cr3C2–NiCr coating and modifying the surface layer through the laser alloying method improves the mechanical properties of SSSs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Surface Alloying of Sintered Stainless Steel

et al. 2022

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Investigation of the Biocompatibility of Laser Treated 316L Stainless Steel Materials

Aykac

Türkmen

2022

Coatings

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In this study, 316L stainless steel materials, which are widely used in the industry, were produced by investment casting management. Depending on the microstructure, the hardness values constitute an important stage of the properties that can be developed and controlled. For this purpose, the differences between the microstructure and hardness properties of 316L stainless steel, which is produced by the investment casting method, and 316L stainless steel, which is currently used commercially, were examined. The changes caused by the fiber laser on the surface of 316L materials produced with two different production methods were examined. It was observed that the laser used made different changes in the surface structure of the 316L material produced by both methods. Since the surface of the material is a buffer between body fluids and biomaterial, it is known that there is a relationship between surface properties and biocompatibility. In this study, the L929 cell growth test, one of the cytotoxicity tests, was applied and thus, how laser surface treatment affects the biocompatibility of 316L materials produced by both methods was comparatively examined.

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Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Hot-Work Tool Steels after Electron Beam Surface Alloying with B4C and Al

et al. 2022

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(1) Background: Operational properties and durability of dies in different metal-forming processes significantly depend on their surface quality. Major die failures are related to surface damage due to heat checking cracks, wear, etc. Thereby, strengthening of the working surfaces of dies for hot bending, stamping, forging, and die casting processes is an urgent engineering challenge. Surface alloying with high-energy beams improves the properties of steel products. In these processes, the alloying powders and the treated surfaces can be remelted by electron beam within a short time while the bulk structure of the component remains unchanged, resulting in minimal distortion. The paper presents the results of the electron beam surface alloying (EBSA) of H21 and L6 tool steels with the treatment pastes containing boron carbide and aluminum powders. (2) Methods: Two types of pastes were used for surface alloying: a single-component (B4C) paste and a two-component (B4C+Al) one. The microstructure, microhardness, wear resistance, and elemental and phase composition of the layers obtained on steels were investigated. (3) Results: Four layers up to 0.4 mm thick were distinguished on the surface of the steels after the EBSA. Metallographic analysis showed coarse dendrite formation in the layers embedded in matrices of a eutectic or a solid solution. Microhardness of the steels after the two-component EBSA was higher than after B4C EBSA, which was related to a higher concentration of hard phases, such as iron borides and carbides. In addition, aluminum boride was revealed by the XRD analysis on L6 steel after B4C+Al EBSA. (4) Conclusions: Wear test indicated that the most resistant samples were H21 steel after single B4C EBSA and L6 steel after B4C+Al EBSA. Both samples contained carbon particles in the layer contributing to the high wear resistance as a lubricant. The conducted research is beneficial for mechanical engineering, automotive engineering, medical technology, aerospace engineering, and related industries, where coatings with high microhardness, wear resistance, and surface quality are demanded.

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Laser Surface Alloying of Austenitic 316L Steel with Boron and Some Metallic Elements: Properties

Cited by 4 publications

References 71 publications

Laser Surface Alloying of Sintered Stainless Steel

Laser Surface Alloying of Sintered Stainless Steel

Investigation of the Biocompatibility of Laser Treated 316L Stainless Steel Materials

Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Hot-Work Tool Steels after Electron Beam Surface Alloying with B4C and Al

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