Laser Surface Alloying of 316L Stainless Steel with Ru and Ni Mixtures

Abstract

The surfaces of AISI 316L stainless steel were laser alloyed with ruthenium powder and a mixture of ruthenium and nickel powders using a cw Nd:YAG laser set at fixed operating parameters. The microstructure, elemental composition, and corrosion characteristics of the alloyed zone were analyzed using optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive Xray spectroscopy (EDX), and corrosion potential measurements. The depth of alloyed zone was measured using the AxioVision program and found to be approximately 1.8 mm for all the alloyed specimens. Hardness profile measurements through the surfacesubstrate interface showed a significant increase from 160 HV for the substrate to a maximum of 247 HV for the alloyed layer. The sample laser alloyed with 80 wt% Ni-20 wt% presented the most noble corrosion potential (E corr ) of −0.18 V and the lowest corrosion current density (i corr ).

Mechanical properties and microstructure evolution of 17-4 PH stainless steel processed by laser-powered bed fusion.

“…Among tool steels, H13 tool steel had the highest tensile strength value of 1850 ± 25 MPa when processed using L-PBF. [68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75] 520 ± 50 [72,73,[76][77][78][79][80] 550 ± 20 [37,[81][82][83][84][85][86][135][136][137] 17-4 PH stainless steel 1050 ± 40 [71,73,74,87,88] 1070 ± 40 [73,[77][78][79][89][90][91][92][93] 1080 ± 30 [32, 39, 41, 42, 94-103, 138, 139-141] 420 stainless steel 1700 ± 40 [71,73,[104][105][106][107][108][109] 1700 ± 30 [71, 73, 77-79, 105, 108, 110] 1600 ± 50 …”