Laser Stokes-Polarimetry of the Erythrocytes Suspension at Comorbid Course of Coronary Artery Disease, Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 and Anemia

Abstract

Abstract:Introduction: Investigation of the rheological properties of the erythrocytes is one of the crucial issues in the pathogenesis of most diseases of internal organs. Changes in the morphological structure of the red blood cell membrane serve as an early diagnostic criterion of coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus type 2 and anaemia, thus a search for modern methods of investigation which can be used for early detection of erythrocytes membrane disorders is of great importance. Methods of laser polarimetry of the erythrocytes suspension smear are crucial in this area. Objectives: Investigation of the possible structural changes of the erythrocytes membranes in patients with coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus type 2 and anaemia of different degrees of severity. Methods: For the objective assessment of the structural state of erythrocytes membrane laser polarimetry of the red cell suspension smear was applied. Set of the statistical points of the 1 st -4 th grades was calculated and their effectiveness in the early pre-clinical detection of the erythrocytes membrane disorder was established. Results: Images of the erythrocytes suspension samples, registered in the co-axial and crossed planes of the polarizer and analyser transmissions, regardless of the investigated group, are coordinating heterogeneous. However, obvious signs of the changes of the images structure depending on the presence and type of pathology are not visually detected. As the basis of an objective approach, a statistical analysis with histograms of the coordinate distributions of the random variables and a statistical calculation of the statistical points of the 1 st -4 th grades should be used. All statistical points, which describe the coordinate distributions of the various parameters of the Stokes vector, have individual sets of values and may be used for the differential diagnosis of the coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus type 2 and anaemia. Conclusions: Interconnections between the values of the sets of the statistical points of the 1 st -4 th grades, which characterized coordinate distributions of the intensity, azimuth and ellipticity of the polarization of the erythrocytes suspension laser images of the elderly and senile patients with comorbidity were established by means of laser polarimetry. The most sensitive were asymmetry and kurtosis, which can be used for early detection of the erythrocytes membrane disorder when routine methods of its visualization and estimation still are not able to be applied.

Error analysis of rapid Stokes polarimetric imaging with circularly polarized illumination

“…Kunnen et al [8] employed the Stokes polarimetric imaging with circularly polarized light to differentiate the cancerous tissue and noncancerous tissue by mapping the Stokes vector of backscattered light on the Poincaré sphere. Nataliia Pavlyukovich et al [9] demonstrated Stokes polarimetric imaging could be used for early detection of erythrocytes membrane disorders, which was meaningful for the diagnosis and treatment of most diseases of internal organs such as coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes. Mazumder et al [10] used Stokes polarimetry to investigate the molecular structure of second harmonic generation active molecules such as collagen type I and myosin, which means Stokes polarimetry has great potential in the field of molecular structure in biomedicine.…”