Laser Spectroscopy of Neutron-Rich Tin Isotopes: A Discontinuity in Charge Radii across the 
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 Shell Closure

Gorges, C.; Rodríguez, L. V.; Balabanski, D. L.; Bissell, M. L.; Blaum, Klaus; Cheal, B.; Ruiz, R. F. Garcia; Георгиев, Г.; Gins, W.; Heylen, H.; Kanellakopoulos, A.; Kaufmann, S.; Kowalska, Magdalena; Lagaki, V.; Lechner, S.; Maaß, B.; Malbrunot-Ettenauer, S.; Nazarewicz, W.; Neugart, R.; Neyens, G.; Nörtershäuser, W.; Reinhard, P.‐G.; Sailer, S.; Sánchez, R.; Schmidt, S.; Wehner, L.; Wraith, C.; Xie, Liang; Xu, Z. Y.; Yang, Xiaofei; Yordanov, Deyan T.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.122.192502

Cited by 99 publications

(128 citation statements)

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“…Namely, the proton radii shrink systematically with increasing neutron number because of the increasing proton binding. The pronounced kink at the N = 82 shell closure seen in all form parameters is due to reduced neutron pairing [9]. The two density functionals used deliver similar results in the domain of well bound nuclei while developing slight differences at exotic protonrich nuclei close to N = 50 and neutron rich nuclei with N > 82.…”

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confidence: 67%

“…Measurements of the corresponding frequencies, typically of the order of MHz, allow changes in the root-mean-squared (rms) nuclear charge radii to be extracted [5,6]. Extending these measurements for isotopes away from stability is of marked and growing interest for low-energy nuclear physics, as the data on the nuclear size are essential for our understanding of the nuclear many-body problem [5,[7][8][9][10]. In recent years, the interest in precision isotope shift measurements has increased significantly.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The two density functionals used deliver similar results in the domain of well bound nuclei while developing slight differences at exotic protonrich nuclei close to N = 50 and neutron rich nuclei with N > 82. This is entirely anticipated: form parameters of SV-min Fy(Δr,HFB) Statistical analysis-The information content of r 4 is evaluated using standard statistical correlation analysis as in [9,30]. The question we ask is to what extend r 4 is already determined by the other form parameters and, vice versa, to what extend information on r 4 improves our knowledge of R and σ.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Beyond the charge radius: The information content of the fourth radial moment

2020

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Measurements of atomic transitions in different isotopes offer key information on the nuclear charge radius. The anticipated high-precision experimental techniques, augmented by atomic calculations, will soon enable extraction of the higher-order radial moments of the charge density distribution. To assess the value of such measurements for nuclear structure research, we study the information content of the fourth radial moment r 4 by means of nuclear density functional theory and a multiple correlation analysis. We show that r 4 can be directly related to the surface thickness of nuclear density, a fundamental property of the atomic nucleus that is difficult to obtain for radioactive systems. Precise knowledge of these radial moments is essential to establish reliable constraints on the existence of new forces from precision isotope shift measurements.

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Beyond the charge radius: The information content of the fourth radial moment

2020

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“…Starting from realistic nuclear forces, the study of closed-shell nuclei provides benchmarks for microscopic calculations of valence-space Hamiltonians, with their many-body contributions [9][10][11][12][13]. Despite extensive work, significantly less is known for heavier nuclei, in particular for the magic N = 82.The doubly magic nature of 132 Sn (with 50 protons and 82 neutrons) was reconfirmed recently [14,15]. But below Z = 50 the orbitals occupied by the Fermi-level protons change, as does the proton-neutron interaction, which drives shell evolution.…”

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First Glimpse of the N=82 Shell Closure below Z=50 from Masses of Neutron-Rich Cadmium Isotopes and Isomers

et al. 2020

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We probe the N = 82 nuclear shell closure by mass measurements of neutron-rich cadmium isotopes with the ISOLTRAP spectrometer at ISOLDE-CERN. The new mass of 132 Cd offers the first value of the N = 82, two-neutron shell gap below Z = 50 and confirms the phenomenon of mutually enhanced magicity at 132 Sn. Using the recently implemented phase-imaging ion-cyclotronresonance method, the ordering of the low-lying isomers in 129 Cd and their energies are determined. The new experimental findings are used to test large-scale shell-model, mean-field and beyondmean-field calculations, as well as the ab initio valence-space in-medium similarity renormalization group.The so-called magic numbers of protons and neutrons are associated with large energy gaps in the effective single-particle spectrum of the nuclear mean field [1], revealing shell closures. As such, they are intimately connected to the nuclear interaction and represent essential benchmarks for nuclear models.Experiments with light radioactive beams have shown that shell closures at N = 8, 20 and 28 are substantially weakened when the number of protons in the nuclear system is reduced (see [2, 3] for a review). New, but weaker shell closures have also been found, e.g., N = 32 and 34 [4][5][6][7]. In the shell model, this evolution results from the interplay between the monopole part of the valencespace nucleon-nucleon interaction that determines the single-particle spectrum and multipole forces that induce correlations [8]. Starting from realistic nuclear forces, the study of closed-shell nuclei provides benchmarks for microscopic calculations of valence-space Hamiltonians, with their many-body contributions [9][10][11][12][13]. Despite extensive work, significantly less is known for heavier nuclei, in particular for the magic N = 82.The doubly magic nature of 132 Sn (with 50 protons and 82 neutrons) was reconfirmed recently [14,15]. But below Z = 50 the orbitals occupied by the Fermi-level protons change, as does the proton-neutron interaction, which drives shell evolution. This means that without data for nuclides with Z < 50 and N ≈ 82, any predictions for the N = 82 shell gap are rather uncertain. While decayspectroscopy [16][17][18], laser-spectroscopy [19] and massspectrometry [20,21] studies have been performed for the neutron-rich cadmium isotopes, the energies of the low-lying isomers in 129 Cd and the N = 82 two-neutron shell gap remain unknown.The A ≈ 130 r-process abundance peak has long been considered an indication of a persistent N = 82 shell gap in various models. However, recent studies of r-process nucleosynthesis have underlined the importance of fission recycling in certain scenarios, in which the A = 130 abundance peak is primarily determined by the fissionfragment distribution of r-process actinides [22,23].In this work, we present the first direct determination of the N = 82 shell gap for Z < 50 with mass measurements of exotic cadmium isotopes and isomers between 124 Cd and 132 Cd. We exploit all mass-measurement techniques of the ISOLTR...

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“…Accurate determination of the charge radii of radioactive isotopes is not only relevant for nuclear structure research, but can provide a deeper insight into nuclear matter [20,21]. Motivated by the current nuclear structure interest in the study of ISs around proton number Z=50 [22][23][24][25], our theoretical developments were used to perform, for the first time, ab initio calculations of atomic factors for indium (In) atom (Z=49). The In isotope chain offers a comprehensive laboratory to test these theoretical developments.…”

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Analytic response relativistic coupled-cluster theory: the first application to indium isotope shifts

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With increasing demand for accurate calculation of isotope shifts of atomic systems for fundamental and nuclear structure research, an analytic energy derivative approach is presented in the relativistic coupled-cluster (CC) theory framework to determine the atomic field shift and mass shift (MS) factors. This approach allows the determination of expectation values of atomic operators, overcoming fundamental problems that are present in existing atomic physics methods, i.e. it satisfies the Hellmann-Feynman theorem, does not involve any non-terminating series, and is free from choice of any perturbative parameter. As a proof of concept, the developed analytic response relativistic CC theory has been applied to determine MS and field shift factors for different atomic states of indium. High-precision isotope-shift measurements of -104 127 In were performed in the 246.8 nm (5p 2 P 3/2  9s 2 S 1/2 ) and 246.0 nm (5p 2 P 1/2  8s 2 S 1/2 ) transitions to test our theoretical results. An excellent agreement between the theoretical and measured values is found, which is known to be challenging in multi-electron atoms. The calculated atomic factors allowed an accurate determination of the nuclear charge radii of the ground and isomeric states of the -104 127 In isotopes, providing an isotone-independent comparison of the absolute charge radii.

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Laser Spectroscopy of Neutron-Rich Tin Isotopes: A Discontinuity in Charge Radii across the N=82 Shell Closure

Cited by 99 publications

References 59 publications

Beyond the charge radius: The information content of the fourth radial moment

Beyond the charge radius: The information content of the fourth radial moment

First Glimpse of the N=82 Shell Closure below Z=50 from Masses of Neutron-Rich Cadmium Isotopes and Isomers

Analytic response relativistic coupled-cluster theory: the first application to indium isotope shifts

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