Laser sensors for energy systems and process industries: Perspectives and directions

Farooq, Aamir; Alquaity, Awad B. S.; Raza, Mohsin; Nasir, Ehson F.; Yao, Shunchun; Ren, Wei

doi:10.1016/j.pecs.2022.100997

Cited by 85 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 483 publications

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“…However, it is more difficult to model and resolve the NO 2 spectrum under the presence of blended neighboring features and the broad spectral interference from H 2 O, especially when H 2 O absorbance is of a magnitude equivalent to NO 2 . Previous works have demonstrated the potential of higher harmonics in the application of broad absorbance [ 43 , 44 ]. In this work, we used the fourth-harmonic signal for NO 2 detection due to its H 2 O sensitivity reduction.…”

Section: Tdlas Diagnostics For No and Nomentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Measurement of NO, NO2, and H2O in Combustion Gases Based on Near/Mid-Infrared Laser Absorption Spectroscopy

Liu

et al. 2022

Sensors

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In this study, a strategy was developed for in situ, non-intrusive, and quantitative measurement of the oxides of nitrogen (NO and NO2) to describe emission characteristics in gas turbines. The linear calibration-free wavelength modulation spectroscopy (LCF-WMS) approach combined with the temperature profile-fitting strategy was utilized for trace NO and NO2 concentration detection with broad spectral interference from gaseous water (H2O). Transition lines near 1308 nm, 5238 nm, and 6250 nm were selected to investigate the H2O, NO, and NO2 generated from combustion. Experiments were performed under different equivalence ratios in a combustion exhaust tube, which was heated at 450–700 K, with an effective optical length of 1.57 m. Ultra-low NOx emissions were captured by optical measurements under different equivalence ratios. The mole fractions of H2O were in agreement with the theoretical values calculated using Chemkin. Herein, the uncertainty of the TDLAS measurements and the limitation of improving the relative precision are discussed in detail. The proposed strategy proved to be a promising combustion diagnostic technique for the quantitative measurement of low-absorbance trace NO and NO2 with strong H2O interference in real combustion gases.

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Section: Tdlas Diagnostics For No and Nomentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Measurement of NO, NO2, and H2O in Combustion Gases Based on Near/Mid-Infrared Laser Absorption Spectroscopy

Liu

et al. 2022

Sensors

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“…PAS is typically used in extractive sampling applications since a separate photoacoustic gas cell is required. Furthermore, photoacoustic detection elements are typically impacted when operating in harsh environments, e.g., by temperature variations, mechanical vibration, external acoustic noise, and humidity [7]. Indeed, as water-vapor affects the relaxation time of detected molecules, the previously discussed PAS-based benzene sensors [32][33][34] were found to be heavily affected by the relative humidity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A laser-based sensor for selective detection of benzene, acetylene, and carbon dioxide in the fingerprint region

Mhanna

Elkhazraji

et al. 2023

Preprint

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A mid-infrared laser-based sensor is designed and demonstrated for trace detection of benzene, acetylene, and carbon dioxide at ambient conditions. The sensor is based on a distributed feedback quantum cascade laser (DFB-QCL) emitting near 14.84 µm. Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) and a multidimensional linear regression algorithm were employed to enable interference-free measurements of the target species. The laser wavelength was tuned over 673.8–675.1 cm-1 by a sine-wave injection current at 1 kHz repetition rate. Minimum detection limits of 0.22, 5.92, and 8.32 ppm were achieved for benzene, acetylene, and carbon dioxide, respectively. The developed sensor is insensitive to interference from overlapping absorbance spectra, and its performance was demonstrated by measuring the target species in known mixture samples. The sensor can be used to detect tiny leaks of the target species in petrochemical facilities and to monitor air quality in residential and industrial areas.

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“…Accurate measurement of species’ time histories is crucial for the development and validation of chemical kinetic models. Infrared laser absorption spectroscopy (IR-LAS) serves as a diagnostic tool that enables fast and quantitative measurements of species’ time histories in reactive systems . The accuracy of such measurements relies on the availability of reference spectra of the target species under the specific thermodynamic conditions of temperature and pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shock Tube/Laser Absorption Measurements of the High-Temperature Spectra and Decomposition of Propyl Ethers

Adil,

Farooq

2023

J. Phys. Chem. A

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This work presents measurements of temperaturedependent absorption spectra and thermal decomposition rates of propyl ethers, specifically di-n-propyl ether (DnPE) and diisopropyl ether (DiPE), which are two renewable fuel candidates. We employed a broadband rapid-tuning MIRcat-QT laser, operating in the scan/fixed-wavelength mode in combination with a shock tube. Spectral measurements were performed over the wavelength range of 8.4−11 μm (909.1−1190.5 cm −1 ), covering the strongest infrared absorption bands of the studied ethers, at temperatures of 559−853 K and pressure near 1 bar. These hightemperature spectra help in selecting the optimum wavelength for sensitive and selective measurements of the target ethers. Based on the criteria of high sensitivity, minimum interference, and insensitivity to temperature and pressure variations, we selected a wavelength of 1121.82 cm −1 for high-temperature diagnostics of DnPE and DiPE. Absorption cross sections at the selected wavelength of 1121.82 cm −1 were measured over 550−1500 K, and pressures ranging from 0.3−1.4 bar. This diagnostic was then applied to study the high-temperature pyrolysis of these ethers by measuring their time histories behind the reflected shock waves. Our experimentally measured overall decomposition rate coefficients for DnPE and DiPE are given as (unit of s −1 ) k DnPE = 1.25 × 10 27 × T −3.483 × exp(−37620 K/T) and k DiPE = 5.26 × 10 23 × T −2.857 × exp(−32360 K/T).

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Laser sensors for energy systems and process industries: Perspectives and directions

Cited by 85 publications

References 483 publications

In Situ Measurement of NO, NO2, and H2O in Combustion Gases Based on Near/Mid-Infrared Laser Absorption Spectroscopy

In Situ Measurement of NO, NO2, and H2O in Combustion Gases Based on Near/Mid-Infrared Laser Absorption Spectroscopy

A laser-based sensor for selective detection of benzene, acetylene, and carbon dioxide in the fingerprint region

Shock Tube/Laser Absorption Measurements of the High-Temperature Spectra and Decomposition of Propyl Ethers

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