Laser Sealing for Vacuum Plate Glass with PbO-TiO2-SiO2-RxOy Solder

Katsura

Radwan

et al. 2020

STVE

Self Cite

A concise critique on harnessing the abundant solar thermal energy and improvement with vacuum insulation for the utilization and conversion is presented. This research implicates that the world is becoming a global solar smart city prompted by increasing daily demand of energy by the global population and land-use. Amongst all the renewable energy resources available, solar thermal energy collectors (STC) are the most copious because it is accessible in both direct and indirect modes with global solar thermal capacity in operation in 2019 was 479 GWth and annual energy yield estimated to be 389 TWh. Hybridization has been found to be the only way of improving the existing performance of (STC) such as hybrid photovoltaic thermal (PVT) with phase-change material (PCM) for energy storage and magneto-thermoelectric generators (MTEGs) and/or vacuum insulated TEG (VTEG) for waste heat energy conversion to electrical power. The concentrating solar power (CSP) technologies were also precisely studied and yet parabolic trough collector, dish sterling and solar tower are amongst the top solar thermal heat energy harvesters and its electrical power generation has also been comprehended. The modern eminence of vacuum insulation technologies on thermal comfort and sound insulation in sustainable low-carbon buildings is presented. The research implicates that there is still a scope of improving the building and construction sector and target to achieve not only zero-energy buildings (ZEB) but generating-energy buildings (GEB). A concise critique on vacuum insulated smart glazed windows is presented and the review implicates that the hybridization with PV and TEG and novelty in the constructional materials of vacuum glazing (VG) and translucent vacuum insulation panel (TVIP)

Section: Vacuum Glazing (Vg)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern Eminence and Concise Critique of Solar Thermal Energy and Vacuum Insulation Technologies for Sustainable Low-Carbon Infrastructure

Katsura

Radwan

et al. 2020

STVE

Self Cite

“…A composite film with enhanced quantum dot loading effect that make the film highly transparent and options of tunability of its colour spectrum make the quantum dot solar cells highly attractive. Specifically, nowadays, there is a huge focus going on developing more energy-efficient transparent photovoltaic films with vacuum insulation [75][76][77][78][79] and the main focus is to improve both the transmission of visible light whilst maximizing the wavelength selective absorption of ultraviolet (UV) and near-infrared (NIR) light spectrum for power conversion. The future applications of this progressive technology will be of developing transparent films for vacuum insulated glazing [76,80,81], translucent vacuum insulation panel [75] and triple vacuum glazing [82,83] for the purpose of retrofitting [80] it and/or replacing traditional windows with vacuum insulation that will prove an enormous cost saving while modernising the buildings in this 21 st century for the reduction of energy requirement and improving the power generation with least compromise of the lighttransmittance.…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manifestations of carbon capture-storage and ambivalence of quantum-dot & organic solar cells: An indispensable abridged review

Nemera

Nwokeji

2020

STVE

Self Cite

This study bestows an essential abridged review of the manifestations of carbon capture & storage (CCS) systems and the ambivalence of quantum-dot & organic photovoltaic (PV) solar cells. This research implicates that CCS system is evolving in capturing CO 2 emissions from coal-fired electrical power stations to further mitigate climate change. Different manifestations are discussed for capturing and storing the CO 2 with repercussions on operating costs, toxicity and energy efficiency. Chemical Looping Combustion appears to be the more energy efficient than Oxy-fuel CFBC and Ionic Liquids, and less expensive than Calcium Looping and Amine Scrubbing. Calcium Looping (Cal) and Ionic Liquids are also less toxic than Amine Scrubbing. Direct air technology is also very compelling at capturing CO 2 emissions but highly expensive. Nevertheless, further research is still required for all CCS systems to be able to implement them widely in existing/new electrical power stations. Waste heat energy recovery systems can be used in conjunction with CO 2 capture systems for further reduction of emissions. The ambivalence of quantum dot and organic solar cells are briefly reviewed. It implicates that composite film with enhanced quantum dot effects will make the film highly transparent and options of tunability of its color spectrum make the quantum dot solar cells highly attractive to a wide variety of applications. Organic solar cells are carbon-rich polymers and can be designed to improve a precise function of the cell, such as sensitivity to a certain type of light. OPV cells can only be considered as half-competent to crystalline silicon and have smaller beneficial lifespans, but could be less costly to produce in high volumes. Current research issues are substitution/compromises between electrical power conversion efficiency and average visible light transmittance. However, improving average light-transmittance decreases electrical power conversion efficiency and vice versa.

“…The rate of evacuation, i.e. gas flow rate, is proportional to the rate of mass of air change [64]. In addition to that, the layers of adsorbed gaseous molecules as a thin film on the internal surfaces within the tubes and vacuum glazing require longer evacuation, at least six hours, for achieving a good level of high vacuum pressure [65].…”

Section: Evacuationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing the performance parameters of vacuum glazed smart windows to net zero energy buildings

Fang

Abo-Zahhad

et al. 2020

STVE

Self Cite

The progression of smart technologies such as vacuum glazed windows are considered a realistic achievement of the net energy zero buildings (NZEBs). From designers to researchers to builders, there has been an increasing concern about understanding the inter-dependencies between the parameters and influencing factors that determine the performance of vacuum glazed smart windows. This research reviews the performance parameters such as thermal transmittance (U value), thermal resistance (R value), solar transmittance (g value), visible light transmittance (v value) and thermal resistance of residual gas space (Rgas value). These are interdependent on factors such as edge seal, support pillar array, low emittance coatings, getters, and effective evacuation process. This research implicates that effective hermetic edge seal provides longevity such as fusion and solder glass edge sealed vacuum glazing could be cost-effective and energy efficient solution. Stainless steel support pillar array is an unavoidable compromise on U value. This review shows that an increase of the size of glass sheet increases support pillar array improving the overall U value. Also, an addition of low emittance coatings enhances U value whilst maintaining v value. To improve the overall life span of the vacuum glazed smart window, an incorporation of combo-getter that absorb any gases released from the internal glass surfaces in to into the vacuum cavity from the glass surface which prevents degradation of vacuum pressure and provide long term vacuum pressure stability in the vacuum glazed smart window. A recent improvement in the understanding of evacuation process shows that hot-plate surface heat induction of 60˚C improved the vacuum pressure and mitigates the pump-out hole sealing process whilst lessening the temperature induced stresses.