Laser Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere

Killinger, Dennis K.; Menyuk, N.

doi:10.1126/science.235.4784.37

Cited by 85 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…Molecular extinction in the near UV is primarily an elastic scattering process, since the Rayleigh scattering of light by molecular nitrogen ðN 2 Þ and oxygen ðO 2 Þ dominates inelastic scattering and absorption [34]. For example, the Raman scattering cross sections of N 2 and O 2 are approximately 10 À30 cm À2 between 300 nm and 420 nm [35], much smaller than the Rayleigh scattering cross section of air ($10 À27 cm À2 ) at these wavelengths [36].…”

Section: The Optical Depth Of Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of the effect of molecular and aerosol conditions in the atmosphere on air fluorescence measurements at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Abraham

Abreu

Aglietta

et al. 2010

Astroparticle Physics

131

133

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a b s t r a c tThe air fluorescence detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory is designed to perform calorimetric measurements of extensive air showers created by cosmic rays of above 10 18 eV. To correct these measurements for the effects introduced by atmospheric fluctuations, the Observatory contains a group of monitoring instruments to record atmospheric conditions across the detector site, an area exceeding 3000 km 2 . The atmospheric data are used extensively in the reconstruction of air showers, and are particularly important for the correct determination of shower energies and the depths of shower maxima. This paper contains a summary of the molecular and aerosol conditions measured at the Pierre Auger Observatory since the start of regular operations in 2004, and includes a discussion of the impact of these measurements on air shower reconstructions. Between 10 18 and 10 20 eV, the systematic uncertainties due to all atmospheric effects increase from 4% to 8% in measurements of shower energy, and 4 g cm À2to 8 g cm À2 in measurements of the shower maximum.

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Section: The Optical Depth Of Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of the effect of molecular and aerosol conditions in the atmosphere on air fluorescence measurements at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Abraham

Abreu

Aglietta

et al. 2010

Astroparticle Physics

131

133

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“…Lidar has been used in optical remote sensing technique to study atmospheric particulate and gas pollutants over half of the century (Grant, 1987;Killinger and Menyuk, 1987;Killinger and Mooradian, 1983;Measures, 1984). Lidar has the ability to measure remotely atmospheric aerosols (Carswell, 1983;Fiocco and Smullin, 1963).…”

Section: Lidarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-dimensional Simulation of Aerosol?Cloud Profile

Alias¹,

MatJafri²,

San³

et al. 2009

MAS

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Developments of algorithm and computer graphics simulation are important to distinguish between aerosols and clouds in remote sensing data and images. The distribution of aerosols and clouds are need to be distinguishable in order to study their interactions with one another and identify both affecting factors towards Earth's climate stability. The objective of this paper is to expand the current work done in building new algorithm and simulation method to differentiate aerosols and clouds in spaceborne lidar data and images using image processing and computer graphics software, PCI Geomatica 10.1 and SCION Image. The new algorithm and simulation that has developed showed good results and clarify the vertical distribution of aerosols and clouds in the atmosphere. Plot profiles of clouds on both days showed higher pixel values than aerosols. Aerosols have been found consistently to have higher mean at altitude 0−5 km and 15−20 km on both days.

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“…where P͑R͒ is the range-received power ͑W͒, ␤͑R͒ is the range-dependent volume backscatter coefficient of the atmosphere ͑m Ϫ1 sr Ϫ1 ͒, ␣͑R͒ is the rangedependent extinction coefficient ͑m Ϫ1 ͒, R is the range ͑m͒, and A is the system constant ͑W m 3 …”

Section: P͑r͒ ϭmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, it is possible to retrieve information about the physical state of the atmosphere along the exploration beam path. [1][2][3] In particular, estimation of the atmospheric optical parameters, namely, extinction and backscatter, based on pulsed elastic-backscatter lidars ͑i.e., with no wavelength shift in reception͒ has been investigated in the literature. 4 -6 The single-scattering range-return power for an elastic-backscatter lidar system can be expressed as 2 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive filter solution for processing lidar returns: optical parameter estimation

1998

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Joint estimation of extinction and backscatter simulated profiles from elastic-backscatter lidar return signals is tackled by means of an extended Kalman filter ͑EKF͒. First, we introduced the issue from a theoretical point of view by using both an EKF formulation and an appropriate atmospheric stochastic model; second, it is tested through extensive simulation and under simplified conditions; and, finally, a first real application is discussed. An atmospheric model including both temporal and spatial correlation features is introduced to describe approximate fluctuation statistics in the sought-after atmospheric optical parameters and hence to include a priori information in the algorithm. Provided that reasonable models are given for the filter, inversion errors are shown to depend strongly on the atmospheric condition ͑i.e., the visibility͒ and the signal-to-noise ratio along the exploration path in spite of modeling errors in the assumed statistical properties of the atmospheric optical parameters. This is of advantage in the performance of the Kalman filter because they are often the point of most concern in identification problems. In light of the adaptive behavior of the filter and the inversion results, the EKF approach promises a successful alternative to present-day nonmemory algorithms based on exponential-curve fitting or differential equation formulations such as Klett's method.

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Laser Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere

Cited by 85 publications

References 49 publications

A study of the effect of molecular and aerosol conditions in the atmosphere on air fluorescence measurements at the Pierre Auger Observatory

A study of the effect of molecular and aerosol conditions in the atmosphere on air fluorescence measurements at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Two-dimensional Simulation of Aerosol?Cloud Profile

Adaptive filter solution for processing lidar returns: optical parameter estimation

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