Laser photocoagulation for proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Evans, Jennifer R; Michelessi, Manuele; Virgili, Gianni

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011234.pub2

Cited by 123 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…3(a) and Fig. 4) (Kuhn & Aylward, 2014), and occurs more frequently in the elderly population. The incidence of rhegmatogenous RD in the general population is approximately 10 in 100 000 (Mitry, Charteris, Fleck, Campbell, & Singh, 2010), however, it is 40 times more common in short-sighted patients Serous retinal detachment occurs as a result of leakage of fluid from subretinal blood vessels (see Fig.…”

Section: Retinal Detachmentmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The resultant 'iris bulge' causes angle closure. In turn this causes the pressure to rapidly rise, due to the trabecular meshwork becoming obstructed (Emanuel, Parrish, & Gedde, 2014).…”

Section: Aetiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The opposite eye is also treated so that the risk of an attack is reduced. After this, the decision to cease pressure-lowering medication is considered (Emanuel et al, 2014). Aetiology GCA affects medium-and large-sized arteries, including the temporal artery and ophthalmic artery, which gives off branches supplying the optic nerve head and ocular muscles.…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sudden loss of vision

Mahgoub

Butt

2016

InnovAiT

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Section: Retinal Detachmentmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The resultant 'iris bulge' causes angle closure. In turn this causes the pressure to rapidly rise, due to the trabecular meshwork becoming obstructed (Emanuel, Parrish, & Gedde, 2014).…”

Section: Aetiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sudden loss of vision

Mahgoub

Butt

2016

InnovAiT

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“…Longer diabetes duration and poorer glycemic and blood pressure control are strongly associated with DR 81. Treatment options are currently limited and mostly focus on laser therapies to remove damaged tissue 82. Additional treatments include anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to limit new vessel growth 83.…”

Section: Diabetic Retinopathy Antioxidant Defences and Immunotherapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent novel approaches to limit oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetic complications

et al. 2018

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Diabetes is considered a major burden on the healthcare system of Western and non‐Western societies with the disease reaching epidemic proportions globally. Diabetic patients are highly susceptible to developing micro‐ and macrovascular complications, which contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality rates. Over the past decade, a plethora of research has demonstrated that oxidative stress and inflammation are intricately linked and significant drivers of these diabetic complications. Thus, the focus now has been towards specific mechanism‐based strategies that can target both oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways to improve the outcome of disease burden. This review will focus on the mechanisms that drive these diabetic complications and the feasibility of emerging new therapies to combat oxidative stress and inflammation in the diabetic milieu.

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“…In people with type 1 diabetes, PDR has decreased over 10-fold in people diagnosed before 1975 vs. those diagnosed after 1985 [16]. Better control of risk factors, extended screening, and improved treatments for diabetic retinopathy account for this great clinical improvement [11,[17][18][19]. These improvements, and hopefully further gains in prediction, prevention, detection, and treatment of diabetic retinopathy, are strongly related to biomarkers.…”

Section: Abbreviationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers in Diabetic Retinopathy

et al. 2015

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■ AbstractThere is a global diabetes epidemic correlating with an increase in obesity. This coincidence may lead to a rise in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. There is also an as yet unexplained increase in the incidence of type 1 diabetes, which is not related to adiposity. Whilst improved diabetes care has substantially improved diabetes outcomes, the disease remains a common cause of working age adult-onset blindness. Diabetic retinopathy is the most frequently occurring complication of diabetes; it is greatly feared by many diabetes patients. There are multiple risk factors and markers for the onset and progression of diabetic retinopathy, yet residual risk remains. Screening for diabetic retinopathy is recommended to facilitate early detection and treatment. Common biomarkers of diabetic retinopathy and its risk in clinical practice today relate to the visualization of the retinal vasculature and measures of glycemia, lipids, blood pressure, body weight, smoking, and pregnancy status. Greater knowledge of novel biomarkers and mediators of diabetic retinopathy, such as those related to inflammation and angiogenesis, has contributed to the development of additional therapeutics, in particular for late-stage retinopathy, including intra-ocular corticosteroids and intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors ('anti-VEGFs') agents. Unfortunately, in spite of a range of treatments (including laser photocoagulation, intraocular steroids, and anti-VEGF agents, and more recently oral fenofibrate, a PPAR-alpha agonist lipid-lowering drug), many patients with diabetic retinopathy do not respond well to current therapeutics. Therefore, more effective treatments for diabetic retinopathy are necessary. New analytical techniques, in particular those related to molecular markers, are accelerating progress in diabetic retinopathy research. Given the increasing incidence and prevalence of diabetes, and the limited capacity of healthcare systems to screen and treat diabetic retinopathy, there is need to reliably identify and triage people with diabetes. Biomarkers may facilitate a better understanding of diabetic retinopathy, and contribute to the development of novel treatments and new clinical strategies to prevent vision loss in people with diabetes. This article reviews key aspects related to biomarker research, and focuses on some specific biomarkers relevant to diabetic retinopathy.

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Laser photocoagulation for proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Cited by 123 publications

References 89 publications

Sudden loss of vision

Sudden loss of vision

Recent novel approaches to limit oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetic complications

Biomarkers in Diabetic Retinopathy

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