Laser-patterned carbon coatings on flexible and optically transparent plastic substrates for advanced biomedical sensing and implant applications

Joshi, Pratik; Riley, Parand R.; Denning, Warren; Shukla, Shubhangi; Khosla, Nayna; Narayan, J.; Narayan, Roger J.

doi:10.1039/d1tc05176h

Cited by 30 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Resonant wavelengths are generated by manipulating the electromagnetic fields associated with the light emitted from photonic crystals. As such, an electromagnetic standing wave showing intensities relative to the intensities of an illuminating light source is generated [ 45 , 46 , 47 ]. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that gold nanoparticles (AuNP) with localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) overlap with the resonant electromagnetic field of a photonic crystal, resulting in a significant amplification of the absorption efficiency [ 48 ].…”

Section: Microscopic Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chen et al studied the use of a label‐free, submicron resolution approach called photonic crystal enhanced microscopy, which utilizes photonic crystal biosensor surface as a substrate for cell attachment, to understand the attachment and morphology of murine dental stem cells. The time lapse study involving chemotaxis with a chemoattractant is shown in Figure 4 [ 46 ]. Zhao et al studied the use of a photonic crystal optical biosensor coated with a recombinant spike protein for the quantitative detection of serological human IgG levels against the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus.…”

Section: Microscopic Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel photonic methods for diagnosis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection

Joshi

Shukla

Narayan

2022

Transl Biophotonics

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The COVID-19 pandemic that began in March 2020 continues in many countries. The ongoing pandemic makes early diagnosis a crucial part of efforts to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infections. As such, the development of a rapid, reliable, and low-cost technique with increased sensitivity for detection of SARS-CoV-2 is an important priority of the scientific community. At present, nucleic acid-based techniques are primarily used as the reference approach for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, in several cases, false positive results have been observed with these techniques. Due to the drawbacks associated with existing techniques, the development of new techniques for the diagnosis of COVID-19 is an important research activity. We provide an overview of novel diagnostic methods for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis that integrate photonic technology with artificial intelligence. Recent developments in emerging diagnostic techniques based on the principles of advanced molecular spectroscopy and microscopy are considered.

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Section: Microscopic Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microscopic Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel photonic methods for diagnosis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection

Joshi

Shukla

Narayan

2022

Transl Biophotonics

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“…The chemical routes make use of highly toxic and hazardous chemicals; unwanted chemical impurities may adversely affect the catalytic properties. 3 Reduction of GO with a laser is referred to as a "green route" as it is environmentally safe. Studies comparing the properties of GO reduction using femtosecond, nanosecond (ns), and continuous-wave lasers have shown that rGO obtained with ns laser pulses exhibits superior properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thermal route for reduction of GO is not commercially viable as the conventional furnace-based thermal reduction of GO exposes the whole substrate to high temperatures, leading to electrode degradation. The chemical routes make use of highly toxic and hazardous chemicals; unwanted chemical impurities may adversely affect the catalytic properties …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excimer Laser Patterned Holey Graphene Oxide Films for Nonenzymatic Electrochemical Sensing

Joshi

Shukla

Gupta

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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The existence of point defects, holes, and corrugations (macroscopic defects) induces high catalytic potential in graphene and its derivatives. We report a systematic approach for microscopic and macroscopic defect density optimization in excimer laser-induced reduced graphene oxide by varying the laser energy density and pulse number to achieve a record detection limit of 7.15 nM for peroxide sensing. A quantitative estimation of point defect densities was obtained using Raman spectroscopy and confirmed with electrochemical sensing measurements. Laser annealing (LA) at 0.6 J cm–2 led to the formation of highly reduced graphene oxide (GO) by liquid-phase regrowth of molten carbon with the presence of dangling bonds, making it catalytically active. Hall-effect measurements yielded a mobility of ∼200 cm2 V–1 s–1. An additional increase in the number of pulses at 0.6 J cm–2 resulted in deoxygenation through the solid-state route, leading to the formation of holey graphene structure. The average hole size showed a hierarchical increase, with the number of pulses characterized with multiple microscopy techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The exposure of edge sites due to high hole density after 10 pulses supported the formation of proximal diffusion layers, which led to facile mass transfer and improvement in the detection limit from 25.4 mM to 7.15 nM for peroxide sensing. However, LA at 1 J cm–2 with 1 pulse resulted in a high melt lifetime of molten carbon and the formation of GO characterized by a high resistivity of 3 × 10–2 Ω-cm, which was not ideal for sensing applications. The rapid thermal annealing technique using a batch furnace to generate holey graphene results in structure with uneven hole sizes. However, holey graphene formation using the LA technique is scalable with better control over hole size and density. This study will pave the path for cost-efficient and high-performance holey graphene sensors for advanced sensing applications.

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“…Innovations in growing customized 2D h-BN and its nanoflakes for specific applications are in high demand for the development of next-generation integrated devices [ 16 ]. These limitations have prompted research into nonequilibrium ways to fabricate 2D materials at near-ambient temperatures [ 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabricating Graphene Oxide/h-BN Metal Insulator Semiconductor Diodes by Nanosecond Laser Irradiation

et al. 2022

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To employ graphene’s rapid conduction in 2D devices, a heterostructure with a broad bandgap dielectric that is free of traps is required. Within this paradigm, h-BN is a good candidate because of its graphene-like structure and ultrawide bandgap. We show how to make such a heterostructure by irradiating alternating layers of a-C and a-BN film with a nanosecond excimer laser, melting and zone-refining constituent layers in the process. With Raman spectroscopy and ToF-SIMS analyses, we demonstrate this localized zone-refining into phase-pure h-BN and rGO films with distinct Raman vibrational modes and SIMS profile flattening after laser irradiation. Furthermore, in comparing laser-irradiated rGO-Si MS and rGO/h-BN/Si MIS diodes, the MIS diodes exhibit an increased turn-on voltage (4.4 V) and low leakage current. The MIS diode I-V characteristics reveal direct tunneling conduction under low bias and Fowler-Nordheim tunneling in the high-voltage regime, turning the MIS diode ON with improved rectification and current flow. This study sheds light on the nonequilibrium approaches to engineering h-BN and graphene heterostructures for ultrathin field effect transistor device development.

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Laser-patterned carbon coatings on flexible and optically transparent plastic substrates for advanced biomedical sensing and implant applications

Abstract: Plasma and laser-based processing for tailoring DLC thin film properties for state-of-the-art wearable sensing applications.

Cited by 30 publications

References 61 publications

Novel photonic methods for diagnosis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection

Novel photonic methods for diagnosis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection

Excimer Laser Patterned Holey Graphene Oxide Films for Nonenzymatic Electrochemical Sensing

Fabricating Graphene Oxide/h-BN Metal Insulator Semiconductor Diodes by Nanosecond Laser Irradiation

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