Laser oscillation of single-mode channel waveguide in Nd:MgO:LiNbO3

Lallier, Éric; Pocholle, Jean‐Paul; Papuchon, M.; Grèzes-Besset, Catherine; Pelletier, E.; Micheli, Marc de; Li, M.J.; He, Qing; Ostrowsky, D. B.

doi:10.1049/el:19891000

Cited by 82 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…However, annealing is less effective in recovering the lifetime of Er 3+ ions because the nonradiative relaxation in this case can be initiated even with a small number of OH-phonons [302]. Early work on laser sources using PE techniques focused on developing LiNbO 3 :MgO:Nd waveguides by pure PE [303], which were operated as cw [304], Q-switched [305,306], and mode locked [307] lasers. Laser oscillation was also demonstrated in channel waveguides produced in LiTaO 3 :Nd 3+ [301] bulk crystals and in Yb-indiffused LiNbO 3 planar slab waveguides (Fig.…”

Section: Proton Exchangementioning

confidence: 99%

Optically pumped planar waveguide lasers, Part I: Fundamentals and fabrication techniques

Grivas

2011

Progress in Quantum Electronics

192

102

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Abstract:The tremendous interest in the field of waveguide lasers in the past two decades is largely attributed to the geometry of the gain medium, which provides the possibility to store optical energy on a very small dimension in the form of an optical mode. This allows for realization of sources with enhanced optical gain, low lasing threshold, and small footprint and opens up exciting possibilities in the area of integrated optics by facilitating their on-chip integration with different functionalities and highly compact photonic circuits. Moreover, this geometrical concept is compatible with high power diode pumping schemes as it provides exceptional thermal management, minimizing the impact of thermal loading on laser performance. The proliferation of techniques for fabrication and processing capable of producing high optical quality waveguides has greatly contributed to the growth of waveguide lasers from a topic of fundamental research to an area that encompasses a variety of practical applications. In this first part of the review on optically pumped waveguide lasers the properties that distinguish these sources from other classes of lasers will be discussed. Furthermore, the current state-of-the art in terms of fabrication tools used for producing waveguide lasers is reviewed from the aspects of the processes and the materials involved. 2 1.IntroductionOver the last two decades the field of solid-state planar waveguide lasers has experienced a steady growth, progressing from a laboratory curiosity to an area that demonstrates a broad spectrum of applications, from multiwavelength laser channel arrays for telecommunications to diode-pumped planar structures with multiwatt output powers for sensing and ranging applications. Waveguide lasers are by no means a new field and the first report on such a source dates back in 1961, when laser operation of a waveguide based on an active glass core rod embedded in a low refractive index cladding was demonstrated [1]. However research efforts in the years that followed this report focused primarily on the development of optically pumped laser sources based on high optical quality bulk dielectric laser media in the form of rods and slabs. The merits of the waveguide geometry and the associated optical confinement have been first highlighted in single mode glass optical fibers. Fibers have proven an enabling technology for realization of highly efficient amplifier and laser sources owing to their unrivalled low loss performance and ability to maintain a small spot size and hence high intensities over lengths that are orders of magnitude longer than would normally be allowed by diffraction, [2,3]. Er-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) in particular have directly contributed to the enormous expansion of the optical communications networks that underpin today's internet infrastructure by allowing for signal regeneration and optical data transmission over long distances. The excellent performance of fiber lasers and amplifiers provided motivation and triggered a major techn...

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Section: Proton Exchangementioning

confidence: 99%

Optically pumped planar waveguide lasers, Part I: Fundamentals and fabrication techniques

Grivas

2011

Progress in Quantum Electronics

192

102

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Among the different methods available for Nd:LiNbO 3 channel waveguide fabrication, Proton Exchanged (PE) waveguides have focused much attention because of the low loss, high index contrast and photorefractive resistant waveguides that can be obtained [3]. As a matter of fact the first single mode channel waveguide laser was demonstrated using this technique on a Nd:MgO:LiNbO 3 substrate [4]. Despite of the good results obtained in PE Nd 3+ doped LiNbO 3 channel waveguides, they present two drawbacks: i) first they only support extraordinary mode propagation [5], thus seriously limiting its application in frequency converter devices for which both TE and TM radiations are involved; ii) secondly, previous works have stated that PE procedure causes a remarkable reduction in the 4 F 3/2 lifetime.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time resolved confocal luminescence investigations on Reverse Proton Exchange Nd:LiNbO_3 channel waveguides

Jaque¹,

Cantelar²,

Cussó³

et al. 2007

Opt. Express

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Abstract:In this work we report on the time and spatial resolved fluorescence of Neodymium ions in LiNbO 3 channel waveguides fabricated by Reverse Proton Exchange. The analysis of the fluorescence decay curves obtained with a sub-micrometric resolution has evidenced the presence of a relevant fluorescence quenching inside the channel waveguide. From the comparison between diffusion simulations and the spatial dependence of the 4 F 3/2 fluorescence decay rate we have concluded that the observed fluorescence quenching can be unequivocally related to the presence of H + ions in the LiNbO 3 lattice. Nevertheless, it turns out that Reverse Proton Exchange guarantees a fluorescence quenching level significantly lower than in similar configurations based on Proton Exchange waveguides. This fluorescence quenching has been found to be accompanied by a relevant red-shift of the 4 F 3/2 → 4 I 9/2 fluorescence band.

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“…Due to the excellent laser properties of the neodymium ion, Nd 3+ doped (Gd, Lu) 2 O 3 films were chosen for the demonstration of a first RE-doped sesquioxide waveguide laser. For instance, several other Nd 3+ doped oxides have already been proven to be suitable for the realization of channel waveguide lasers [11,12,13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low threshold monocrystalline Nd:(Gd, Lu)_2O_3 channel waveguide laser

Kahn¹,

Heinrich²,

Kühn³

et al. 2009

Opt. Express

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Abstract:We report the first waveguide laser based on a rare-earth-doped sesquioxide. A 2 µm thick lattice matched Nd(0.5%):(Gd, Lu) 2 O 3 film with a nearly atomically flat surface has been epitaxially grown on a Y 2 O 3 substrate, using pulsed laser deposition. The film has been structured with reactive ion etching and a rib channel waveguide laser has been realized. Laser radiation at 1075 nm and 1079 nm has been observed under 820-nm pumping. The laser possesses a threshold power of about 0.8 mW and a preliminary slope efficiency of 0.5% versus incident pump power. A maximum output power of 1.8 mW has been obtained for 370 mW incident pump power.

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Laser oscillation of single-mode channel waveguide in Nd:MgO:LiNbO3

Cited by 82 publications

References 6 publications

Optically pumped planar waveguide lasers, Part I: Fundamentals and fabrication techniques

Optically pumped planar waveguide lasers, Part I: Fundamentals and fabrication techniques

Time resolved confocal luminescence investigations on Reverse Proton Exchange Nd:LiNbO_3 channel waveguides

Low threshold monocrystalline Nd:(Gd, Lu)_2O_3 channel waveguide laser

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