Laser nitriding of iron with laser pulses from femtosecond to nanosecond pulse duration

Schaaf, Peter; Han, Meng; Lieb, Klaus; Carpene, E.

doi:10.1063/1.1448167

Cited by 34 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…The layer of liquid metal is very thin, from about 0.1 mm to some tenths of micrometers, which is consistent with Schaaf works [12]. The recoil pressure is above 10 9 Pa.…”

Section: Laser Substrate Interaction: Thermal Modellingsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…These carbides may be formed from the high reactivity of the elements in the plasma [23,24] or in the liquid [25]. Since the energy from the laser source serves essentially to heat the metallic vapours, a reduction in the duration of the pulse favours the phenomena related to plasma at the expense of those related to a liquid bath like diffusion [12]. The phases observed on the extreme surface of the layers are thus formed during the final impact, since the thickness removed by ablation is greater than that of the liquid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth of titanium oxynitride layers by short pulsed Nd:YAG laser treatment of Ti plates: Influence of the cumulated laser fluence

Lavisse

Sahour

Jouvard

et al. 2009

Applied Surface Science

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“…The layer of liquid metal is very thin, from about 0.1 mm to some tenths of micrometers, which is consistent with Schaaf works [12]. The recoil pressure is above 10 9 Pa.…”

Section: Laser Substrate Interaction: Thermal Modellingsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of titanium oxynitride layers by short pulsed Nd:YAG laser treatment of Ti plates: Influence of the cumulated laser fluence

Lavisse

Sahour

Jouvard

et al. 2009

Applied Surface Science

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“…Oxidation effects might also influence the hardness profile at the very surface, but such will be neglected here, as they should have a small influence and a small penetration depth. 24 The maximum values of the measured hardness profiles H C-max are summarized in Table 3. For all the samples, the maximum hardness is in the same range, which slightly exceeds 6 GPa.…”

Section: Hardnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

TiN-coating formation by pulsed Nd:YAG laser irradiation of titanium in nitrogen

et al. 2008

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Titanium was treated by pulsed Nd:YAG laser irradiation in nitrogen atmosphere, which led to nitrogen in-diffusion and TiN coating formation. The thickness of the TiN films was about 1.2 lm and the coatings had a universal hardness of about 11 GPa. The layers were investigated by X-ray diffraction at grazing incidence and resonant nuclear reaction analysis for nitrogen depth profiling. Fitting of the experimental depth profiles gave information about the physical processes (diffusion time and depth) with respect to the achieved hardness. The microscopic properties like lattice constants and the variation of the nitrogen content were evaluated. A relationship between laser scan parameters and coating properties could be revealed. Thus, it was possible to determine the physical limits such as film thickness, nitrogen content, and hardness of this direct laser synthesis.

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“…In recent publications [17][18][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63]] the preparation of the treatments was always the same. Setups from other authors were similar to that one and just vary in parameters and geometry.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser nitriding: investigations on the model system TiN. A review

Höche

Schaaf

2010

Heat Mass Transfer

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Nitriding is a well known technique to improve properties of materials. The process utilizing laser contains many different processes like heat transport and melting effects, diffusion and convection, which partially determine the synthesized coatings. This review concludes the research on titanium nitride synthesis in reactive ambient and draws conclusions for the general handling of the method. Afterwards, it becomes clear which and why, transport processes limit the coating properties. IntroductionHard material systems such as titanium nitride play an important role within the field of material sciences and industrial applications. In particular wear and corrosion protection are based on such systems. Beside the classical manufacturing procedures such as PVD or CVD, the method of the direct laser synthesis in a reactive gas environment, as examined here, represents an alternative to the production of such coatings. This review discusses the synthesis of such functional coatings on the system titanium -nitrogen by different laser irradiation based on own results respectively the literature and tries to give a general overview of the physical respectively transport processes taking place. Thus, experiments from the last three decades using similar experimental setups will be compared and discussed. Due to the availability of data of investigations utilizing titanium and nitrogen, this system was taken as a general model. After a discussion of several different experimental analyses and modelling results, the treatments get parameterized. This results in large potentials for technical applications. Finally, general conditions for the synthesis of such coatings with this procedure were set up. By means of these results it is possible to achieve purposefully predefined layer characteristics. The review concludes the most important publications containing research about this process. Thus, it could be assumed to be a reference in relation to laser nitriding or -carburizing. [4] or also hybrid procedures. A further alternative and very simple method is the direct lasers synthesis. The material is placed in a reactive gas environment and will be irradiated with laser light. Due to the developing physical and chemical effects coatings are synthesized, which possess special treatment dependent characteristics. Carburizing, nitro carburizing and/or nitriding are to most common methods from this field of processes. The method of nitriding particularly assists the improvement of tribological properties of surfaces. The surface hardness gets increased, whereby the wear resistance rises. Furthermore, these coatings are usually very non-reactive, which leads to an increase in corrosion protection. In the following the method will be studied more exactly and will be explained. Quantifying of the processes gets an important aim of the work. Arising phenomena will also be modelled. To do these investigations, the model titanium nitrogen has been used. It is a well known and often used system, and has been investigated ...

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Laser nitriding of iron with laser pulses from femtosecond to nanosecond pulse duration

Cited by 34 publications

References 10 publications

Growth of titanium oxynitride layers by short pulsed Nd:YAG laser treatment of Ti plates: Influence of the cumulated laser fluence

Growth of titanium oxynitride layers by short pulsed Nd:YAG laser treatment of Ti plates: Influence of the cumulated laser fluence

TiN-coating formation by pulsed Nd:YAG laser irradiation of titanium in nitrogen

Laser nitriding: investigations on the model system TiN. A review

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