Laser light forces and self-focusing in fully ionized plasmas

Shearer, J. W.

doi:10.1063/1.1694204

Cited by 77 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In the case of parametric instabilities, one exploits the nonrelativistic motion of the electrons. 9 The oscillating electric field, E(r,t) -E(r,t)exp -int + c.c. where Q >> -produces an oscillating at …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A covariant derivation of the ponderomotive force

Manheimer

1985

The Physics of Fluids

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A covariant derivation of the ponderomotive force

Manheimer

1985

The Physics of Fluids

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“…Shearer and Eddleman (1973) or Stamper (1975). This result can also be derived immediately from equation (7) using the definitions (8):…”

Section: Dielectric Nonlinear Forcementioning

confidence: 82%

Distinguishing Between Thermalizing and Electrodynamic Coupling For Laser-compressed Thermonuclear Reactions

Hora¹

1976

Aust. J. Phys.

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In the gas-dynamic laser compression of plasmas for exothermal nuclear reactions, certain laser intensities must not be exceeded in order to reach sufficient thermalizing coupling. A criterion for this limitation is developed here, which shows that the published cases of Nuckolls (1974) and Brueckner (1974) are close to this threshold and may not need serious changes due to the coupling process. As weII as the long pulse scheme of Afanasyev et al. (1975), an alternative method exists in which very short and very high intensity laser pulses are applied, thereby avoiding thermalization but generating fast imploding cold and thick plasma shells due to nonlinear ponderomotive forces of optical explosion. A necessary and sufficient condition for this electrodynamic coupling is derived, and the general nonlinear force equation is integrated to derive ion energies and their exact linear increase with ion charge. Experiments indicating the predominance of the nonlinear force are then analysed. The derived criteria are used to explain examples of nonlinear force compression giving 1000 times greater efficiencies for nuclear reactions than the gas-dynamic case.

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“…However, the force Eq. (1) follows identically [21] from the tensor in Eq. (21), which in turn follows strictly from the thermodynamics of continuous media [41].…”

Section: Forces a Ponderomotive Volume And Surface Forcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(20), so this term will give the surface contribution to F, while the first integral represents the ordinary ponderomotive volume forces. Furthermore, f may be written as the time average of the divergence of a tensor [21],…”

Section: Forces a Ponderomotive Volume And Surface Forcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, e is the elementary charge, E the electric field strength, m e the electron mass, ω the applied frequency, and φ p is the so-called ponderomotive potential. Equation (1) was originally derived for single electrons in an inhomogeneous ac field [18,19] and later extended to plasma media on the basis of the plasma fluid equations [20,21]. Equation (1) is a time-averaged force density nonlinear in the field strength and, therefore, distinctly differs from instantaneous linear forces that dominate in driven finite-sized plasmas under conditions of plasma resonance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ponderomotive manipulation of cold subwavelength plasmas

2013

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Ponderomotive forces (PFs) induced in cold subwavelength plasmas by an externally applied electromagnetic wave are studied analytically. To this end, the plasma is modeled as a sphere with a radially varying permittivity, and the internal electric fields are calculated by solving the macroscopic Maxwell equations using an expansion in Debye potentials. It is found that the PF is directed opposite to the plasma density gradient, similarly to large-scale plasmas. In the case of a uniform density profile, a residual spherically symmetric compressive PF is found, suggesting possibilities for contactless ponderomotive manipulation of homogeneous subwavelength objects. The presence of a surface PF on discontinuous plasma boundaries is derived. This force is essential for a microscopic description of the radiation-plasma interaction consistent with momentum conservation. It is shown that the PF integrated over the plasma volume is equivalent to the radiation pressure exerted on the plasma by the incident wave. The concept of radiative acceleration of subwavelength plasmas, proposed earlier, is applied to ultracold plasmas. It is estimated that these plasmas may be accelerated to keV ion energies, resulting in a neutralized beam with a brightness comparable to that of current high-performance ion sources.

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Laser light forces and self-focusing in fully ionized plasmas

Cited by 77 publications

References 25 publications

A covariant derivation of the ponderomotive force

A covariant derivation of the ponderomotive force

Distinguishing Between Thermalizing and Electrodynamic Coupling For Laser-compressed Thermonuclear Reactions

Ponderomotive manipulation of cold subwavelength plasmas

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