Laser Irradiation of Organic Tattoo Pigments Releases Carcinogens with 3,3′-Dichlorobenzidine Inducing DNA Strand Breaks in Human Skin Cells

Abstract

during the acquisition of a fully terrestrialized life style (Strasser et al., 2014), our results have uncovered an important property of LOR, photoprotective function, that is indispensable for adapting to terrestrial conditions. All procedures were under the protocols approved by the University of Colorado Animal Care and Use Program.

Identification of pigments related to allergic tattoo reactions in 104 human skin biopsies

“…23 are—classified as sensitizers either by manufacturers or by the European Chemical Agency (Figure D). Among these sensitizers, known carcinogens such as aniline and 3,3'‐dichlorobenzidine were also found. Aniline presents the simplest primary aromatic amine and is cleaved off by a multitude of pigments.…”

“…for example, neck (1 patient), forearm (29), wrist (8 patients), lower leg (20 patients), and ankle/foot (10 patients). Forty-eight of 104 patients (46%) stated that they had no known allergies before, and 28 (27%) stated that they had metal allergy.…”

“…The pigments found in this study are known to be cleaved upon sun- Figure 2D). Among these sensitizers, known carcinogens such as aniline and 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine 14,25,[28][29][30] were also found. Aniline presents the simplest primary aromatic amine and is cleaved off by a multitude of pigments.…”

Cells to Surgery Quiz: February 2019

“…Red pigment can induce inflammation, and yellow pigment induces photosensitivity (Cruz et al, 2010). Hering et al (2018) measured the decomposition of compounds released by orange and yellow tattoo pigment upon laser irradiation. Tests were performed in aqueous solution and on cadaveric tattooed pig skin.…”

Complications des tatouages : classification clinique, histologique, physiopathologique, cinétique des particules

“…Plusieurs types de lasers ayant pour cibles des chromophores différents peuvent être nécessaires. Une étude récente a démontré que l'irradiation par laser de certains pigments organiques entraîne le relargage de produits de décomposition cytotoxiques et génotoxiques ayant des propriétés carcinogènes [15]. Il a été récemment rapporté la survenue de carcinomes épidermoïdes multiples survenant sur une zone de tatouage rouge après destruction par laser [16].…”