Laser irradiation of biological systems

Biological Effects of Laser Radiation

“…Hazards of direct exposure to radiation in addition to the danger to the eyes (50) are suggested b y the presence of marked lesions deep to the surface in the presence of minor superficial lesions, late effects as indicated b y the loss of pigmentation (42)} and the persistence of chronic inflammatory reactions (46). Hazards of direct exposure to radiation in addition to the danger to the eyes (50) are suggested b y the presence of marked lesions deep to the surface in the presence of minor superficial lesions, late effects as indicated b y the loss of pigmentation (42)} and the persistence of chronic inflammatory reactions (46).…”

“…T h e effects of irradiation do not appear to be quantitatively similar when the same energy is delivered as a single pulse, at pulse repetition frequencies in excess of 1 pulse per second or in divided daily doses, respectively (46,102). The total energy of the radiation and the rate at which the energy is delivered are important factors.…”

“…Studies at pulse repetition frequencies exceeding one pulse per second were carried out b y Klein, Fine, and co-workers (46,49,51). The effects did not appear to be quantitatively similar when the same energy (of the order of 300-500 J) is delivered at pulse repetition frequencies of 1 pulse per second (several joules per pulse) as compared to delivery of this energy as a single pulse of 1-msec duration.…”

Behavioral biophysics.

“…After a discussion of various data, he concludes with the suggestion that the question warrants serious discussion and experimental investigations. Fine, Klein, and Scott (1964) also suggest the use of EM energy in the synthesis of macromolecules of biological interest from smaller components; and possible existence of communication systems basic to communication between organisms of the same species using modulated coherent electromagnetic radiation.…”