Laser‐Initiated copolymerization of N‐vinylpyrrolidone with maleic anhydride and maleimide

Abstract

This article describes the laser‐initiated copolymerization of N‐vinylpyrrolidone with maleic anhydride and maleimide via charge transfer complexes. The dependence of copolymer yield on the molar ratios of the monomers in the feed and on the irradiation time is described. Based on the ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopy, and chemical analysis results, a tentative mechanism of polymerization is suggested. The rates of polymerization of several monomer systems are compared. The N‐vinylpyrrolidone and maleimide system shows the highest rate of polymerization.

Spontaneous copolymerization of N‐butyl maleimide and ethyl α‐phenyl acrylate with high alternating tendency

“…There are two mechanisms that explain the alternating tendency: (1) the cross-reaction of the free monomers 9 and (2) the homopolymerization of a CTC formed between monomer pairs. 10 Although the CTC could be determined by many methods, 11 the most important evidence is the existence of a red shift peak in UV. 12 However, most of the reported CTC systems were constituted by strong electron donors and strong electron acceptors; the systems composed of weak donors and weak acceptors are relatively rarer.…”

“…20 Therefore the concept of contact-type CTC was developed. 15 As we mentioned earlier, the charge-transfer polymerization proceeded by a pair of monomers involving two types of mechanisms: (1) One is CTC, 10 which means the polymer chain was propagated by using the CTC composed of the pair of monomers as a basic unit. The polymer chain consisted of a strict 1 : 1 monomer ratio; the maximum polymerization rate and maximum molecular weight of copolymer occur at 1 : 1 feed ratio and because, in this case, all the monomer pairs constituted the CTC, the concentration of CTC is highest.…”

Free Radical Copolymerisation ofN-Methylmaleimide and 2,3-Dihydrofuran Initiated by their Radical Cations. A Low Temperature EPR Study of a Binary System

“…Scheme 5. Structure of the maleimide backbone radical 6 and two copolymer backbone radicals (7,8). The coupling hydrogen atoms are indicated.…”

Spontaneous alternating copolymerization of N-phenylmaleimide with ethyl ?-phenylacrylate

“…Therefore the concept of contact-type CTC was developed. 20 It is well known that the charge transfer polymerization proceeding via a pair of monomers involves two types of mechanisms, one is CTC, 25 that means the polymer chain was propagated by using the CTC composed of the pair of monomers as basic unit, and the polymer chain is consisted of a strict 1 : 1 of monomer ratio, the maximum polymerization rate and maximum molecular weight of copolymer, as we mentioned before, occur at 1 : 1 of feed ratio because in this case all the monomer pairs constituted the CTC, the concentration of CTC is largest. ; the other is alternating addition of monomers constituted the CTC, 26 then the polymerization rate and molecular weight of copolymer is only dependent on the monomer activity and independent of the monomer feed ratio.…”