Laser-induced plasma spectroscopy for mine detection and verification

Schade, Wolfgang; Bohling, Christian; Hohmann, Konrad; Scheel, Dirk

doi:10.1017/s0263034606060356

Cited by 44 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The results illustrate the potential that LIBS has to be developed into a confirmatory sensor system for landmine detection. Schade et al 299 applied LIBS in combination with a conventional mine prodder for remote detection of explosives and mine housing material. In this work high powered subnanosecond laser pulses (1064 nm, pulse energy of 0.6 mJ and pulse duration of 650 ps) from a passively Q-switched Nd:YAG laser were used.…”

Section: Military and Homeland-security Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Pasquini¹,

Cortez²,

Silva³

et al. 2007

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

341

195

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Esta revisão descreve os aspectos fundamentais, a instrumentação, as aplicações e tendências futuras de uma técnica analítica que se encontra em seu estágio de consolidação e que está em vias de estabelecer o seu nicho entre as técnicas espectrofotométricas modernas. A técnica é denominada Espectroscopia de Emissão em Plasma Induzido por Laser (em inglês, Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, LIBS) e sua principal característica está no uso de pulsos de laser como fonte de energia para vaporizar a amostra e excitar a emissão de radiação eletromagnética, a partir de seus elementos e/ou fragmentos moleculares. A radiação emitida é analisada por meio de instrumentos ópticos de alta resolução e as suas intensidades são medidas, usualmente com detectores rápidos de estado sólido. Em conjunto, esses dispositivos permitem a geração e a medida de um espectro de emissão de faixa ampla do fenômeno induzido pelo pulso de laser. O espectro registrado contém informação qualitativa e quantitativa que pode ser correlacionada com a identidade da amostra ou empregada na determinação da quantidade de seus constituintes. Essa revisão é dividida em quatro partes. A primeira aborda aspectos históricos da técnica e os conceitos teóricos relevantes associados com LIBS; então, os aspectos práticos de diversas abordagens experimentais e instrumentais empregadas na implementação da técnica são revistos de forma crítica; as aplicações encontradas na literatura, incluindo aquelas que empregam quimiometria, são classificadas e exemplificadas por meio de trabalhos relevantes recentemente publicados. Finalmente, uma tentativa de estabelecer uma avaliação global e as perspectivas futuras para a técnica é apresentada.This review describes the fundamentals, instrumentation, applications and future trends of an analytical technique that is in its early stages of consolidation and is establishing its definitive niches among modern spectrometric techniques. The technique has been named Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and its main characteristic stands in the use of short laser pulses as the energy source to vaporize samples and excite the emission of electromagnetic radiation from its elements and/or molecular fragments. The emitted radiation is analyzed by high resolution optics and the intensities are recorded, usually by fast triggered solid state detectors. Together, these devices allow producing and registering a wide ranging emission spectrum of the short-lived phenomenon induced by the laser pulse. The spectrum contains qualitative and quantitative information which can be correlated with sample identity or can be used to determine the amount of its constituents. This review is divided in four parts. First, the relevant historical and theoretical concepts associated with LIBS are presented; then the main practical aspects of the several experimental and instrumental approaches employed for implementation of the technique are critically described; the applications related in the literature, including those making use of chemometri...

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Section: Military and Homeland-security Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Pasquini¹,

Cortez²,

Silva³

et al. 2007

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

341

195

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The plasma expansion dynamics was investigated by means of fast photography imaging. Fast photography and plasma spectroscopy have been widely used to gain information about physical quantities that characterize the plasma and to detect the presence of atomic and/or molecular species in the plasma (Thareja & Sharma, 2006;Trusso et al, 2005;Schade et al, 2006;Rafique et al, 2008;Hafeez et al, 2008). In this study, data on physical quantities such as the initial expansion velocity, the mass, the temperature, and the emission intensity as recorded from time resolved fast photography imaging of the expanding plume were used to obtain realistic parameters for the mixed-propagation model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ag nanocluster synthesis by laser ablation in Ar atmosphere: A plume dynamics analysis

et al. 2009

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Ag thin films were deposited by pulsed laser ablation in a controlled Ar atmosphere. The deposition process was performed at different Ar pressure values in the range between 10 and 100 Pa to investigate the influence of ambient gas pressure on the plasma expansion dynamics and on the film structural properties. Position, velocity and volume of the laser generated plasma as functions of time were obtained by time resolved fast photography. The morphological properties of the films were investigated by transmission electron microscopy which shows that film growth proceeds via aggregation on the substrates of nanoclusters formed in the expanding plume. The formation of nanoparticles takes place as a consequence of plasma confinement induced by the interaction with ambient gas species. Data from fast photography analysis were used as input parameters to calculate the size of the nanoparticles using a model that takes into account the collisional nature of the laser generated silver plasma.

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“…Particular emission intensities were recorded at two temporal settings of the integration window with respect to the exciting laser pulse. Then, by real-time data analysis, the ''late'' to ''early'' ratio of these intensities was calculated and used as a measure for the classification of two explosives -TNT and HNS (hexanitrostilbene)-and polyamide using selflearning neuronal networks [39].…”

Section: Chemometricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

LIBS Detection of Explosives in Traces

Moros

Fortes

Vadillo

et al. 2014

Springer Series in Optical Sciences

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Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy is one of the most exciting topics in the whole field of analytical science. Among the several expanding applications of LIBS, the analysis of explosives is gaining acceptance due to the unique capabilities of LIBS for inspection of distant samples, for recognition of materials behind a barrier or for identification of objects in motion, to name just a few examples. Although LIBS is a technique for elemental analysis, recent insights in the understanding of the chemistry of plasma plumes have boosted the use of LIBS for identification of organic compounds. In this chapter, the uses of LIBS for the detection, sorting and identity assignment of explosives is reviewed. The first section of this contribution is devoted to the fundamentals of explosive responses, with a discussion of the strong and weak points of LIBS for this application. The next section deals with the specific instrumentation used for laboratory and field work, from man-portable units to stand-off systems. A discussion on the several chemometric tools used for identification and sorting of explosives follows. Data fusion strategies for improving the distinction between harmless and explosive compounds are presented. Finally, a conclusions section outlines the current achievements and the future needs in this application.

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Laser-induced plasma spectroscopy for mine detection and verification

Cited by 44 publications

References 11 publications

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Ag nanocluster synthesis by laser ablation in Ar atmosphere: A plume dynamics analysis

LIBS Detection of Explosives in Traces

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