Laser Induced Nitrogen Enhanced Titanium Surfaces for Improved Osseo-Integration

Dahotre, Sanket N.; Vora, Hitesh D.; Rajamure, Ravi Shanker; Huang, Lu; Banerjee, Rajarshi; He, Wei; Dahotre, Narendra B.

doi:10.1007/s10439-013-0898-z

Cited by 24 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Additional details on a similar thermal modeling methodology and setup of transient two-dimensional heat-transfer boundary conditions in Cartesian coordinates can be found elsewhere in order to avoid repetition. 32,33,46–49 To achieve higher accuracy, the computational model also incorporated the temperature dependent material properties and physical constants. 32,33,46–49 The model was designed and developed to predict the history of the temperature during laser processing.…”

Section: Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…23,25 The surface wettability of bio-implant can be controlled by surface modification techniques, such as ion implantation, surface coating, chemical etching, and laser surface modification techniques. 23,26–34 However, among these modification techniques, laser surface modification seems the more effective and efficient technique for surface engineering of biomaterials. 29–31 This is due to its highly concentrated laser beam with high-energy that can generate excessively rapid rates of heating and cooling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this case, theoretical modeling approach can be an effective solution to overcome many of these limitations. 32,33,46–49 Hence, in the present work, the laser surface modification was simulated by computational (thermal) model to facilitate the predication of temperature and its resultant cooling/solidification rates for various laser processing conditions and later establish the relationship with the corresponding microstructure, chemical composition, and phase evolution via experimental analyses (X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS)).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laser surface modification of AZ31B Mg alloy for bio-wettability

Vora

Dahotre

2014

J Biomater Appl

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Laser surface modification of AZ31B Magnesium alloy changes surface composition and roughness to provide improved surface bio-wettability. Laser processing resulted in phase transformation and grain refinement due to rapid quenching effect. Furthermore, instantaneous heating and vaporization resulted in removal of material, leading the textured surface generation. A study was conducted on a continuum-wave diode-pumped ytterbium laser to create multiple tracks for determining the resulting bio-wettability. Five different laser input powers were processed on Mg alloy, and then examined by XRD, SEM, optical profilometer, and contact angle measurement. A finite element based heat transfer model was developed using COMSOL multi-physics package to predict the temperature evolution during laser processing. The thermal histories predicted by the model are used to evaluate the cooling rates and solidification rate and the associated changes in the microstructure. The surface energy of laser surface modification samples can be calculated by measuring the contact angle Santhanakrishnan, whose work demonstrated to me that how to concern the matters of research and always inspirited me to pursue to an advanced quality in experimentation and research. Comparing to the conventional metallic biomaterials such as Ti-6Al-4V, stainless steel, and Co-Cr based materials, using Mg implants can provide several benefits which other metallic implants lack. Hence high biocompatibility and the ability to degrade after bone regrowth are the significant reasons to develop Mg implants. (4) capillary rise, and (5) tilted drop. Static, or sessile drop method is the most commonly used technique, because it is easy to conduct. In this case, a droplet is placed on the testing surface by using a contact angle goniometer. The contact angle is defined as an angle formed between the solid-liquid interface and the liquid-vapor interface and which has its vertex where the three interfaces meet as shown in Fig 1.1(a). Young's equation shows the relation of interfacial tensions of solid-vapor (γ sv ), liquid-vapor (γ lv ), solid-liquid (γ sl ), and contact angle (θ) as follows:If the contact angle is greater than 90°, the surface can be considered as a hydrophobic surface (Fig 1.1(b)). On the contrary, the small contact angle on the testing surface refers to the wetting or hydrophilic surface (Fig 1.1(c)). Although it has been broadly accepted that the biological response of the surface can be influenced by hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity, the wetting effects to cell behavior are still in controversy and inconsistency. Many researchers described that it is necessary to improve surface from hydrophobicity to hydrophilicity for supporting cell adherence and, in particular, growth. On the contrary, other researchers presented that the hydrophobic surface performed better cell response [13]. However, it is now well accepted in biomaterial community both overly hydrophobic and overly hydrophilic surface are not ideal for cell attachment, rather, surfaces wi...

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Section: Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laser surface modification of AZ31B Mg alloy for bio-wettability

Vora

Dahotre

2014

J Biomater Appl

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“…Vadiraj et al [79] nitrided a biomedical Ti alloy with a pulsed CO 2 laser and found a reduction in fretting wear rate. Sathish et al [80], Zhang et al [81], Majumdar [82], Dahotre et al [83], Chan et al [84], and Hussein et al [85] also reported an improvement in the wear and corrosion resistance, as well as osseointegration of laser-nitrided biomedical titanium alloys. Kaspar et al [66] used a CO 2 laser to nitride Ti64 in dilute N 2 environments and found that increasing the hardness to a value of 550 HV was enough to significantly increase the cavitation erosion wear resistance, which is important in applications such as pumps, impellers, and steam turbine blades.…”

Section: Chronological Development Of the Laser Nitriding Processmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Apart from CO 2 and Nd:YAG lasers, researchers in recent times have also used free electron (FEL) [88,89], diode [82,86,90], and Ytterbium lasers [83] to perform nitriding of titanium. Lisiecki [90] lists higher absorption and more uniform heating as some of the main advantages of using a diode laser with a rectangular beam mode over more conventional laser sources such as the CO 2 laser with a Gaussian beam mode.…”

Section: Chronological Development Of the Laser Nitriding Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-Sustained Plasma (LSP) Nitriding of Titanium: A Review

et al. 2019

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Titanium and its alloys possess several attractive properties that include a high strength-to-weight ratio, biocompatibility, and good corrosion resistance. However, due to their poor wear resistance, titanium components need to undergo surface hardening treatments before being used in applications involving high contact stresses. Laser nitriding is a thermochemical method of enhancing the surface hardness and wear resistance of titanium. This technique entails scanning the titanium substrate under a laser beam near its focal plane in the presence of nitrogen gas flow. At processing conditions characterized by low scan speeds, high laser powers, and small off-focal distances, a nitrogen plasma can be struck near the surface of the titanium substrate. When the substrate is removed, this plasma can be sustained indefinitely and away from any potentially interacting surfaces, by the laser power and a cascade ionization process. This paper presents a critical review of the literature pertaining to the laser nitriding of titanium in the presence of a laser-sustained plasma, with the ultimate objective of forming wide-area, deep, crack-free, wear-resistant nitrided cases on commercially pure titanium substrates.

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