Laser‐Induced Molybdenum Carbide–Graphene Composites for 3D Foldable Paper Electronics

Zang, Xining; Shen, Caiwei; Chu, Yao; Li, Buxuan; Wei, Max; Zhong, Junwen; Sanghadasa, Mohan; Liu, Lin

doi:10.1002/adma.201800062

Cited by 154 publications

(171 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In addition, recent research reveals that transient CO 2 laser heating can convert various polymer films into porous graphene with continuous structures under ambient atmospheres . Applications of laser‐induced porous graphene in flexible supercapacitors, wearable strain sensors, and artificial throat have been recently demonstrated . In this Communication, we report a general strategy of using porous materials to make multifunctional on‐skin electronics with high gas permeability.…”

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confidence: 94%

Gas‐Permeable, Multifunctional On‐Skin Electronics Based on Laser‐Induced Porous Graphene and Sugar‐Templated Elastomer Sponges

et al. 2018

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closely relevant to normal bodily functions as well as clinical cues of the progression of various diseases. Thus, their continuous and real-time acquisition with soft on-skin electronics, in a manner that does not disrupt our routine daily activities, will be useful for medical diagnostics, fitness tracking, human-machine interface, athletic training, and many others. During the past decade, soft on-skin electronics have been achieved by employing flexible and stretchable forms of inorganic electronic materials, [1][2][3] intrinsically soft organic electronic materials, [6][7][8][9] or emerging nanomaterials [10][11][12][13] as device components and using elastomers or plastics as substrates. However, one critical scientific challenge is that most materials used for on-skin electronics have limited gas permeability, which blocks sweat gland and constrains perspiration evaporation, resulting in adverse physiological and psychological effects, such as rashes, stuffiness, and/or other inflammatory skin responses, limiting their longterm feasibility. [10] In addition, the device fabrication process of on-skin electronics usually involves e-beam or photolithography, thin-film deposition, etching, and/or other complicated procedures, which are costly and time-consuming, constraining their practical applications.Great progress has been recently achieved to address the aforementioned two challenges. For example, free-standing gold nanomesh conductors were used to develop on-skin electronics with high gas permeability, which can significantly suppress the risks of skin inflammation, but are limited to complex fabrication processes such as electrospinning and vacuum deposition. [10] In another study, a "cut-and-paste" manufacturing method was developed to offer a simple way of fabricating multiparametric on-skin electronic systems. [17] However, the materials used for device fabrication, such as gold and aluminum, have limited gas permeability. Therefore, it is highly desirable to develop a simple and effective approach of making on-skin electronics using highly gas-permeable materials.Introducing porous structures into existing functional materials is a powerful way to tailor their gas permeability as well Soft on-skin electronics have broad applications in human healthcare, humanmachine interface, robotics, and others. However, most current on-skin electronic devices are made of materials with limited gas permeability, which constrain perspiration evaporation, resulting in adverse physiological and psychological effects, limiting their long-term feasibility. In addition, the device fabrication process usually involves e-beam or photolithography, thin-film deposition, etching, and/or other complicated procedures, which are costly and time-consuming, constraining their practical applications. Here, a simple, general, and effective approach for making multifunctional on-skin electronics using porous materials with high-gas permeability, consisting of laserpatterned porous graphene as the sensing components and sugar-templa...

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confidence: 94%

Gas‐Permeable, Multifunctional On‐Skin Electronics Based on Laser‐Induced Porous Graphene and Sugar‐Templated Elastomer Sponges

et al. 2018

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“…[28] The transparency of a logo pattern induced on the PI film and then transferred to the WPU substrate is shown in Figure 1b, which also indicates the convenience and universality of our stretchable MSC fabrication method. [40,41] More importantly, the high-magnification image in Figure 1e reveals that LIG is decorated evenly with small round convex particles, indicating a portion of the hybrid NiO/Co 3 O 4 nanoparticles were distributed on surface. [12,15] While in situ synthesized NiO/Co 3 O 4 /LIG shows a completely different morphology (Figure 1d) in that the entire structure is composed of multilayer graphene, which is a synergistic result of the simultaneous carbonization of PI and gelatin.…”

Section: Morphology and Structure Analysismentioning

confidence: 96%

“…[37] Second, stretchable MSCs assembled on PDMS and silicone rubber, which cannot be degraded under natural conditions, pose a potential threat to the living environment. [40][41][42] It was found that the gelatin could modify the surface morphology and wettability of NiO/ Co 3 O 4 /LIG. [39] In this work, a gelatin-mediated ink containing Ni and Co ions was coated onto a PI film and subjected to laser direct writing, during which the gelatin was completely cocarbonized with PI while in situ synthesizing laser-induced graphene/NiO/ Co 3 O 4 (NiO/Co 3 O 4 /LIG).…”

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confidence: 99%

A Highly Stretchable Microsupercapacitor Using Laser‐Induced Graphene/NiO/Co₃O₄ Electrodes on a Biodegradable Waterborne Polyurethane Substrate

Wang

Xie

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Technologies

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Constructing microsupercapacitors (MSCs) with an outstanding stretchability is urgent for wearable electronics, and an intrinsic biodegradability is also meaningful. Herein, laser‐induced graphene/NiO/Co3O4 (NiO/Co3O4/LIG) is in situ synthesized on a polyimide (PI) film during laser processing, then the electrodes are transferred to a biodegradable waterborne polyurethane (WPU) substrate to fabricate stretchable MSCs. Experimentally, the as‐prepared stretchable MSCs exhibit an excellent areal capacitance of 2.4 mF cm−2, high capacitance retention of 77.1% at 50% strain, and capacitance degradation of less than 19.8% after 1000 stretching cycles. These desirable properties are mainly attributed to the gradient structure of NiO/Co3O4/LIG, the synergistic effect of hybrid NiO/Co3O4 nanoparticles, and the intensive interface adhesion between the electrodes and WPU. Interestingly, the robust function of stretchable MSCs is further presented by using them to power a microsensor and assembling them with triboelectric nanogenerators to generate power from mechanical contact with skin, which makes the stretchable MSCs promising as a sustainable driving source for wearable electronics.

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“…Among these materials, 2D TMCs possess excellent electrical conductivity, electrochemical activity, high surface area, and strong chemical resilience . These make them particularly desirable for various clean energy applications such as energy storage and catalysis . The most widely applied method toward 2D TMCs requires a selective etching process from their ternary MAX phases (M n +1 AX n , M is transition metal, A is a group 12–16 elements, and X is C or N) using fluoride‐based etching solutions to selectively remove the element “A” from a MAX crystal .…”

Section: Summary Of Catalyst Activity Of Different Carbides For Her Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐Assembly of Large‐Area 2D Polycrystalline Transition Metal Carbides for Hydrogen Electrocatalysis

et al. 2018

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hydrogen evolution using sustainably produced electricity has promised a carbonfree production of a chemical fuel. [5] However, most commercial hydrogen is still produced via steam reforming of methane because there are few scalable base-metal replacements for platinum at the scales required for electrocatalysis. [6] Dimensional reduction of 3D materials to 0D, 1D, or 2D nanostructures (thickness vs lateral size < 1%), [7,8] has attracted interest for discovering intriguing new catalytic properties. Notably, including 2D nanostructures comprised of metals, [9] transition metal dichalcogenides, [10][11][12] transition metal oxides, [13,14] and 2D transition metal carbides (TMCs) [15] have been explored for enhanced catalytic performance, and advances in this area have led to reliable and cost-effective fabrication methods ideal for base-metal hydrogen evolution catalysts.Among these materials, 2D TMCs possess excellent electrical conductivity, electrochemical activity, high surface area, and strong chemical resilience. [16] These make them particularly desirable for various clean energy applications such as energy storage [17][18][19] and catalysis. [7,15] The most widely applied method toward 2D TMCs requires a selective etching process from their Low-dimensional (0/1/2 dimension) transition metal carbides (TMCs) possess intriguing electrical, mechanical, and electrochemical properties, and they serve as convenient supports for transition metal catalysts. Large-area single-crystalline 2D TMC sheets are generally prepared by exfoliating MXene sheets from MAX phases. Here, a versatile bottom-up method is reported for preparing ultrathin TMC sheets (≈10 nm in thickness and >100 μm in lateral size) with metal nanoparticle decoration. A gelatin hydrogel is employed as a scaffold to coordinate metal ions (Mo 5+ , W 6+ , Co 2+ ), resulting in ultrathin-film morphologies of diverse TMC sheets. Carbonization of the scaffold at 600 °C presents a facile route to the corresponding MoC x , WC x , CoC x , and to metal-rich hybrids (Mo 2−x W x C and W/Mo 2 C-Co). Among these materials, the Mo 2 C-Co hybrid provides excellent hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) efficiency (Tafel slope of 39 mV dec −1 and 48 mV j = 10 mA cm −2 in overpotential in 0.5 m H 2 SO 4 ). Such performance makes Mo 2 C-Co a viable noble-metal-free catalyst for the HER, and is competitive with the standard platinum on carbon support. This template-assisted, self-assembling, scalable, and low-cost manufacturing process presents a new tactic to construct low-dimensional TMCs with applications in various cleanenergy-related fields. Hydrogen ElectrocatalysisThe ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.

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Laser‐Induced Molybdenum Carbide–Graphene Composites for 3D Foldable Paper Electronics

Cited by 154 publications

References 27 publications

Gas‐Permeable, Multifunctional On‐Skin Electronics Based on Laser‐Induced Porous Graphene and Sugar‐Templated Elastomer Sponges

Gas‐Permeable, Multifunctional On‐Skin Electronics Based on Laser‐Induced Porous Graphene and Sugar‐Templated Elastomer Sponges

A Highly Stretchable Microsupercapacitor Using Laser‐Induced Graphene/NiO/Co₃O₄ Electrodes on a Biodegradable Waterborne Polyurethane Substrate

Self‐Assembly of Large‐Area 2D Polycrystalline Transition Metal Carbides for Hydrogen Electrocatalysis

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Laser‐Induced Molybdenum Carbide–Graphene Composites for 3D Foldable Paper Electronics

Cited by 154 publications

References 27 publications

Gas‐Permeable, Multifunctional On‐Skin Electronics Based on Laser‐Induced Porous Graphene and Sugar‐Templated Elastomer Sponges

Gas‐Permeable, Multifunctional On‐Skin Electronics Based on Laser‐Induced Porous Graphene and Sugar‐Templated Elastomer Sponges

A Highly Stretchable Microsupercapacitor Using Laser‐Induced Graphene/NiO/Co3O4 Electrodes on a Biodegradable Waterborne Polyurethane Substrate

Self‐Assembly of Large‐Area 2D Polycrystalline Transition Metal Carbides for Hydrogen Electrocatalysis

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A Highly Stretchable Microsupercapacitor Using Laser‐Induced Graphene/NiO/Co₃O₄ Electrodes on a Biodegradable Waterborne Polyurethane Substrate