Laser-induced graphene via the far-infrared irradiation of polyimide films for flexible electric heater applications

Tseng, Shih‐Feng; Tsai, Yu-Shan

doi:10.1007/s00170-022-09100-8

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Compared with a hotplate or Peltier elements, microheaters with thermal mass and power consumption reduced, are more effective for portable applications [ 1 ]. Microheaters have been widely applied in various applications including gas sensors [ 2 , 3 ], microcalorimeters [ 4 ], gas flow meters [ 5 ], infrared sources [ 6 , 7 ], and thermal management [ 8 ]. Various structure designs of microheaters have been proposed for different applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper, we proposed a type of flexible microheaters combining a classical wire design and graphene sheet for gas sensing applications in wearable devices. Recently, with the development of flexible electronics, low power consumption and fast response microheater are desired in many areas [ 6 , 19 ]. Because of the unique electrical and thermal conductivity, the graphene-based electrothermal heater has shown the properties of fast response, flexibility, and high-efficiency energy conversion [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design and Thermal Analysis of Flexible Microheaters

Ruan

Chen

et al. 2022

Micromachines

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With the development of flexible electronics, flexible microheaters have been applied in many areas. Low power consumption and fast response microheaters have attracted much attention. In this work, systematic thermal and mechanical analyses were conducted for a kind of flexible microheater with two different wire structures. The microheater consisted of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate and copper electric wire with graphene thin film as the middle layer. The steady-state average temperature and heating efficiency for the two structures were compared and it was shown that the S-shaped wire structure was better for voltage-controlled microheater other than circular-shaped structure. In addition, the maximum thermal stress for both structures was from the boundary of microheaters, which indicated that not only the wire structure but also the shape of micro heaters should be considered to reduce the damage caused by thermal stress. The influence resulting from the thickness of graphene thin film also has been discussed. In all, the heating efficiency for flexible microheaters can be up to 135 °C/W. With the proposed PID voltage control system, the response time for the designed microheater was less than 10 s. Moreover, a feasible fabrication process flow for these proposed structures combing thermal analysis results in this work can provide some clues for flexible microheaters design and fabrication in other application areas.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Thermal Analysis of Flexible Microheaters

Ruan

Chen

et al. 2022

Micromachines

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Optimization of dry laser-induced graphene (LIG) electrodes for electrocardiography (ECG) signals monitoring

Gerardo,

Houeix,

Romero

et al. 2024

Appl. Phys. A

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This work presents the optimization of the fabrication procedure for laser-induced graphene (LIG) electrodes intended for biopotentials acquisition. The results presented in this study demonstrate a significant improvement with respect to the performance obtained for other LIG-based electrodes previously reported in the literature. In particular, we propose the use of a galvanometric laser instead of a CNC laser to improve the engraving resolution and the LIG synthesis process, thus enhancing the surface area of the interface skin–electrode. For that, we have studied the resistance of the resulting LIG patterns as a function of the laser parameters (engraving power and scan speed) seeking their optimization. After tunning the laser fabrication process, we have fabricated and characterized electrocardiogram (ECG) electrodes with different surface areas using a commercial silver-based electrode as a reference. Thus, circular electrodes with a diameter of 15 mm, 10 mm and 6.5 mm were used to acquire the ECG on different volunteers using a commercial equipment. The signals acquired were processed afterwards with cutting edge processing techniques to perform a statistical analysis in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive prediction and accuracy for the detection of QRS complexes. The results demonstrate that the proposed electrodes improve the signal acquisition with respect to the previously reported LIG-based electrodes in terms of noise and do present comparable or even better results than commercial electrodes (even with a smaller surface area) with the additional advantage of not requiring the use of an electrolyte gel.

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