Laser-Induced Graphene-Based Platforms for Dual Biorecognition of Molecules

Abstract

Expanding the single molecule detection, enabled by laserinduced graphene (LIG) technology, for portable and on-site analysis, a dual molecule system with a two-working-electrode architecture was developed for ascorbic acid (AA) and amoxicillin (AMOX) detection, which are currently used in aquaculture and persist as water contaminants. The biorecognition element of each target compound was a suitable molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP). The AMOX MIP was developed herein for the first time and assembled by electropolymerization of eriochrome black T (EBT). It showed a wide linear response from 50 nM to 100 μM, with a sensitivity of −13.32 μA/decade. Calibration curves revealed good squared correlation coefficients (R 2 > 0.99) with a limit of detection (LOD) of 11.98 nM. AA MIP was assembled according to a previous work reported in the literature, displaying a linear response from 1.5 to 4 mM and a sensitivity of 1.356 μA/decade. The developed dual-LIG device was further tested in real samples and successfully applied to the analysis of binary mixtures prepared in environmental water samples from a well. Overall, the proposed device allows in situ analysis of two different molecules and holds an exceptionally low-cost design when compared to competing architectures in the literature, and the fabrication method here employed offers the possibility of easily adjusting the desired architecture on demand.

Three-Dimensional (3D) Laser-Induced Graphene: Structure, Properties, and Application to Chemical Sensing

“…Marques’s group fabricated a sensor for amoxicillin and ascorbic acid using molecularly imprinted polymers ( Figure 6 a). 88 With this technique, polymerization is performed in the presence of the analyte: their interaction during polymerization and the successive washing create cavities that grant the polymer an affinity for the analyte. In their fabrication process, different procedures were used to treat LIG electrodes and make them sensitive to amoxillicin or ascorbic acid.…”

“… Illustrative LIG sensors with polymer coating: (a) LIG sensor fog amoxicillin and ascorbic acid using molecularly imprinted polymers,[Panel (a) was adapted with permission from ref ( 88 ). Copyright 2020, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC; adapted with permission from, 90 Copyright 2020 American Chemical Society c) LIG electrodes using EBT for detb) flexible LIG pH sensor using polyaniline,ecting chloramphenicol, a pollutant antibiotic, adapted from, 89 Copyright 2019, Elsevier.…”

Laser-induced graphene for bioelectronics and soft actuators

“…In contrast to semiselective electronic tongue systems, surface modifications have also been explored to endow the pristine LIG with highly selective detections toward specific biochemicals and even bacteria. Functional groups usually involve antibodies, enzymes, aptamers, and molecularly imprinted polymers [83,[96][97][98][99][100][101]. For example, Soares et al have reported LIG-based electrochemical immunosensors for detections of Salmonella enterica, as schematically illustrated in Fig.…”

Layer‐By‐Layer Printing Strategy for High‐Performance Flexible Electronic Devices with Low‐Temperature Catalyzed Solution‐Processed SiO2

“…For example, oxide semiconducting inks usually need the assistance of laser annealing to improve the electronic or mechanical performances. [25][26][27] As for organic semiconducting inks, their crystallization heterogeneity is still a challenging issue for fabricating complex electronic structures and devices with high-resolution featured patterns and highly electrical performance by layer-by-layer fashion. Moreover, the compatibility between printable active components and printing techniques is often established at the cost of sacrificing device performance, thus limiting the feasibility in a wide variety of highly integrated electronics and devices.…”