Laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy and chemometric analysis of black toners for forensic applications

Ahmed, Zakaria E.; Abdel‐Hamid, Mona; Abdel‐Salam, Zienab; Palleschi, Vincenzo; Harith, M. A.

doi:10.1002/cem.3334

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…An example, by Ahmed et al used LIBS to analyse black toners . 67 A total of 23 toners of eight printers and six different photocopiers were used to print onto the same paper type. Each sample was then analysed using LIBS, with the hardware and the operating conditions being discussed in full in the paper.…”

Section: Organic Chemicals and Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in the analysis of metals, chemicals and materials

Carter

Clough

Fisher

et al. 2021

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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Section: Organic Chemicals and Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in the analysis of metals, chemicals and materials

Carter

Clough

Fisher

et al. 2021

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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show abstract

“…Saini et al [13] succeeded in using TLC and FTIR to separate 28 color toners. Ahmed et al [14] used laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to differentiate 23 toner samples. Trejos et al [15] performed SEM-EDS analysis of toners used in counterfeit banknotes.…”

Section: Rel Ated Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification algorithm using halftone features of counterfeit bills and CNN

Lee

Kim

Kang

2021

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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With recent advancements in image processing and printing technology, home printers have improved in performance and grown more widespread. As such, they have been increasingly used in counterfeiting and forgery. Most counterfeit bills in Korea have been created using home scanners and printers. The identification of printer model is thus necessary to rapidly track down criminals and solve crimes. Household printers can be largely divided into inkjet and laser printers. These two types of printers print halftone textures instead of continuous images. This study proposed a technique of printer classification based on halftone textures that can be observed in printed documents. Since halftone textures are expressed as periodic lattices, the images were transformed via FFT, which is highly effective at expressing periodicity. ResNet, known for its superior gradient flow, was used for training. The experiment was conducted on 12 color laser jets and 2 inkjets. Scans of bills printed by each printer were used, and halftone texture analysis was performed on these images for printer model classification. Each image was cropped into several parts; one of the cropped parts was analyzed. The analysis showed that laser printers could be 100% distinguished from inkjet printers. An accuracy of 98.44% was achieved in make classification. When 50 cropped images were used instead of a single image, the technique achieved 100% accuracy in model classification. The proposed technique is non‐destructive; it offers high accessibility and efficiency as it can be performed using a scanner alone, without requiring additional optical equipment.

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“…LIBS has been used in numerous applications, including industrial 15 , metrological 16 , medical 17 , and biological 18 , in addition to adulteration detection and classifications of food products 19 – 22 , to mention some. It has also been used to discriminate between different types of toners employed in laser printers and photocopiers 23 . The typical LIBS system consists of a pulsed laser source (nanosecond, picosecond, or femtosecond), which produces a plasma plume upon focusing the laser light onto the sample under investigation, and a spectrometer–detector system that disperses the collected plasma emission light that is converted to a displayable spectrum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the effect of changing the substrate material analyzed by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy on the antenna performance

Abdel Halim,

Abdel-Salam,

Abdel-Harith

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Miniaturized microstrip antennas are efficiently utilized in MICS band wearable and implantable medical applications. However, the properties of the materials employed for antenna fabrication influence its resultant parameters and play a vital role in its performance. Rogers have been widely used as a substrate material in various antenna designs. In this work, a proof of concept study has been conducted to determine how altering the substrate used in antenna construction affects antenna performance. Using the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) approach, the elements present in the two distinct substrate raw materials were compared to investigate potential effects on the antenna’s performance. Given their accessibility and widespread use, two types of Rogers’ substrates, RO 3210 and RO 4003, were selected. Furthermore, two identical antenna designs were modeled and fabricated using the two substrate materials. The reflection coefficient (S11) and other antenna parameters were determined and compared. Moreover, the recorded LIBS spectra were evaluated using principle component analysis and partial least square regression techniques. The LIBS spectra showed different copper and iron contents between the two Rogers (i.e., other dielectric properties), leading to a frequency shift. Additionally, impurities in the fabricated material increase the possible losses. Consequently, the elemental contents of the utilized Rogers control the antenna’s performance and can ensure its safety in wearable and implant applications.

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Laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy and chemometric analysis of black toners for forensic applications

Cited by 9 publications

References 39 publications

Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in the analysis of metals, chemicals and materials

Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in the analysis of metals, chemicals and materials

Classification algorithm using halftone features of counterfeit bills and CNN

Investigating the effect of changing the substrate material analyzed by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy on the antenna performance

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