Laser impact welding: Design of apparatus and parametric optimization

Wang, Huimin; Taber, G. A.; Liu, Dejian; Hansen, S.; Chowdhury, Enam; Terry, Scott G.; Lippold, John C.; Daehn, Glenn S.

doi:10.1016/j.jmapro.2015.05.007

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…It is interesting to point out that intermetallic phases did not occur at the weld interfaces. This finding was -consistent with the previous reports [6,[17][18][19]. It may be because the impact velocity of the hump is relatively low compared with the explosive welding, the heat resulting from the impact energy is also relatively small.…”

Section: Microstructuresupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Normally, two morphologies can be achieved-flat and wavy [14,[16][17][18][19]-when the LIW has happened. Generally, a wavy weld interface is expected because this interface can increase the bonding area and assist interlocking between two metal surfaces [14] as shown in Figure 6b,d.…”

Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar to the aforementioned research, wave interfaces were also observed. More recently, Wang et al [18,19] reported the welding of Al/Ti with LIW and did not observe intermetallic phases in the weld interface. [16]; (b) parallel welding [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A new laser impact spot welding (LISW) approach is presented and applied to join thin titanium foil to copper foil with a low laser energy system. The morphology of the weld spots was Two basic geometric configurations of the LIW process have been reported, including angle welding [14,16] and parallel welding [17][18][19] as shown in Figure 1. However, in the angle welding process, the collision angle is constructed by means of an experimental device as shown in Figure 1a, which makes the clamping of the flyer plate and the base plate complicated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation on a Novel Laser Impact Spot Welding

Liu

Gao

Zhang

et al. 2016

Metals

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Abstract:In this paper a novel laser impact spot welding (LISW) method is described, in which a hump was formed on the flyer plate on the intended welding spot location by local pre-forming. When the flyer and base plates were placed together to perform welding, the two plates kept in contact over their entire surfaces except at the hump, where a local air gap was enough to guarantee the impact velocity and collision angle to achieve spot welding using laser pulse energy. The presented approach was implemented to join thin titanium foils to copper foils under low laser energy system. Joints with regular shapes were obtained. The microstructure in the weld interface was studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). It was found that the jetting occurred at the central region of the weld spots due to oblique impact. Wave features were observed in the weld interfaces. The impact energy was found to have significant influence on the wave's characteristics. Moreover, SEM images and EDS analysis did not show apparent element diffusion across the weld interface. Besides, the lap shearing test was used to characterize the mechanical properties of the spot welded joints.

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Section: Microstructuresupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation on a Novel Laser Impact Spot Welding

Liu

Gao

Zhang

et al. 2016

Metals

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“…The first U.S. LIW patent was filed in 2009 by Daehn and Lippold from Ohio State University [55]. The welding system consists of a laser system, confinement layer, ablative layer, flyer, and target [17]. A laser beam ablates the ablative layer into plasma.…”

Section: Laser Impact Weldingmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Velocity Impact Welding Process: A Review

Wang

2019

Metals

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High-velocity impact welding is a kind of solid-state welding process that is one of the solutions for the joining of dissimilar materials that avoids intermetallics. Five main methods have been developed to date. These are gas gun welding (GGW), explosive welding (EXW), magnetic pulse welding (MPW), vaporizing foil actuator welding (VFAW), and laser impact welding (LIW). They all share a similar welding mechanism, but they also have different energy sources and different applications. This review mainly focuses on research related to the experimental setups of various welding methods, jet phenomenon, welding interface characteristics, and welding parameters. The introduction states the importance of high-velocity impact welding in the joining of dissimilar materials. The review of experimental setups provides the current situation and limitations of various welding processes. Jet phenomenon, welding interface characteristics, and welding parameters are all related to the welding mechanism. The conclusion and future work are summarized.Various solid-state welding methods have been developed recently, for example, friction stir welding, explosive welding (EXW), friction welding, magnetic pulse welding (MPW), cold welding, ultrasonic welding, roll welding, pressure gas welding, resistance welding, vaporizing foil actuator welding (VFAW), gas gun welding (GGW), and laser impact welding (LIW). Among those solid-state welding methods-GGW, EXW, MPW, VFAW, and LIW-are five kinds of high-velocity impact-welding methods. They shared the same welding mechanism, but have different welding energy sources indicated by their names: high-speed gas [13], explosive [14,15], capacitor bank energy (MPW and VFAW) [16], and laser [17], respectively.High-velocity impact welding is characterized by a low welding temperature and fast welding speed. The process is conducted at room temperature. Furthermore, there is no external heat input during the welding process. Figure 1 is a schematic transient state in the welding process. After the transient force is applied on the external surface of the flyer, the flyer moves toward the target at the velocity of several hundred meters per second [18]. When the flyer collides on the target, a jet is generated at the collision point, which contains contaminants, oxide layers, and a thin layer of metals. As a result, the "clean" metals (no contaminants, oxide layers) are exposed to each other. With the transient force, they are brought within atomic distance, where the atomic bond is formed. This process is usually takes several to dozens of microseconds based on different welding processes. For example, in LIW, it usually takes less than one microsecond. In other high-velocity impact-welding processes, it takes longer than that. Metals 2019, 9, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 19However, Al 7075 alloy is susceptible to hot cracking [8,9], and titanium is chemically active at high temperature [10][11][12]. Zinc-coated steel is an important structural material in automobiles. However, during the fusion-weldin...

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