Laser Excitation of Acoustic Modes in Cylindrical and Spherical Resonators: Theory and Applications

Fiedler, Michael; Hess, Peter

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-83851-4_5

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Each MSS instrument was connected to a conditioning unit providing a fixed dilution ratio of 3:1 at the sampling point. This dilution with air was necessary in order to avoid large changes in the speed of sound of the carrier gas (being predominantly N 2 at the sampling point) that could affect the cell resonance frequency (Fiedler and Hess 1989) and accordingly the MSS response (less than ∼2.5% effect at the dilution setting of 3:1 employed -Section B in the supplemental information). The diluted samples were transferred to the measurement cells through 2 m long heated (at 47…”

Section: Light Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Combustion Aerosol Produced by a Mini-CAST and Treated in a Catalytic Stripper

Mamakos

Khalek

Giannelli

et al. 2013

Aerosol Science and Technology

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We characterized the properties of combustion aerosol produced at different operating conditions of a mini-CAST burner that was treated in a Catalytic Stripper (CS) operating at 300• C. The goal was to establish a methodology for the production of soot particles resembling those emitted from internal combustion engines. Thermo-optical analysis of samples collected on Quartz filters revealed that the particles contained semi-volatile material that survived the CS. The amount of semi-volatile species strongly depended on the operating conditions ranging from less than 10% to as high as 30% of the particle mass. The mini-CAST operating conditions were also found to have a strong effect on the effective particle density (ρ e ). The ρ e , for example, ranged from as low as 0.3 to 1.05 g/cm 3 for mondisperse 80 nm particles, although the massmobility exponent remained relatively constant (2.1-2.25). These differences are indicative of differences in the primary particle diameter, which was estimated to range between 8.5 and 34 nm depending on the operating conditions. The different types of particles produced were also found to exhibit different affinities for butanol but also different light absorption per mass of elemental carbon which can, therefore, lead to inconsistencies in aerosol instrumentation calibrations (e.g., condensation and optical particle counters, photoacoustic sensors). The work highlights the importance of establishing a detailed and well-defined method in using the mini-CAST-CS approach for instrument calibration in ways mimicking various engine combustion sources.

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Section: Light Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Combustion Aerosol Produced by a Mini-CAST and Treated in a Catalytic Stripper

Mamakos

Khalek

Giannelli

et al. 2013

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…Thus, a laser pulse generates a heat pulse, which excites an acoustic pulse, 33 while a modulated laser beam generates periodic sound due to the periodic localized heating of the gas. 36 The sound signal is generated in those locations, where light is absorbed, for example, by the species to be monitored. Interestingly, even the PA signal generated by a laser beam propagating in free air has been observed.…”

Section: The Photoacoustic Effect In Gasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2͑d͒-2͑f͔͒, with symmetry that coincides well with that of a laser beam propagating along the cylinder axis. 33,36 The resonance frequencies of a lossless cylindrical resonator are as follows:…”

Section: Cavity Resonatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of acoustic resonators in photoacoustic trace gas analysis and metrology

Miklós

Hess

Bozóki

2001

Review of Scientific Instruments

624

401

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Cavity-enhanced resonant photoacoustic spectroscopy with optical feedback cw diode lasers: A novel technique for ultratrace gas analysis and high-resolution spectroscopy J. Chem. Phys. 133, 044308 (2010) Electromechanical probing of ionic currents in energy storage materials Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 222906 (2010) Broadening effects and ergodicity in deep level photothermal spectroscopy of defect states in semi-insulating GaAs: A combined temperature-, pulse-rate-, and time-domain study of defect state kinetics J. Appl. Phys. 105, 103712 (2009) Measurement of the redistribution of arsenic at nickel silicide/silicon interface by secondary ion mass spectrometry: artifact and optimized analysis conditions J. Appl. Phys. 104, 024313 (2008) Standoff photoacoustic spectroscopy Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 234102 (2008) Additional information on Rev. Sci. Instrum.The application of different types of acoustic resonators such as pipes, cylinders, and spheres in photoacoustics is considered. This includes a discussion of the fundamental properties of these resonant cavities. Modulated and pulsed laser excitation of acoustic modes is discussed. The theoretical and practical aspects of high-Q and low-Q resonators and their integration into complete photoacoustic detection systems for trace gas monitoring and metrology are covered in detail. The characteristics of the available laser sources and the performance of the photoacoustic resonators, such as signal amplification, are discussed. Setup properties and noise features are considered in detail. This review is intended to give newcomers the information needed to design and construct state-of-the-art photoacoustic detectors for specific purposes such as trace gas analysis, spectroscopy, and metrology.

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“…In contrast, resonant photoacoustic spectroscopy in the gas phase has been successfully applied to trace gas analysis, determination of thermophysical properties, kinetic processes, and spectroscopy. 14,15 It has also been used as a very sensitive technique in laser intracavity experiments of gas phase overtone absorptions. 16 The liquid-phase C-H stretching overtone spectra of (CH3)4Si have been investigated17 using a conventional spectrophotometer (Ay = 2-5) and the thermal lens technique (Ay = 6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Piezoelectric detection of high vibrational overtones of liquid tetramethylsilane, tetramethylgermane, and tetramethylstannane

Manzanares¹,

Peng²,

Blunt³

1992

J. Phys. Chem.

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The liquid-phase high vibrational overtone spectra of (CH3)Si, (CH3)4Ge, and (CH3)4Sn have been recorded using piezoelectric detection. The overtones have been measured in the spectral regions of the C-H stretching modes corresponding to Av = 6 and 7. A technique is presented which uses a piezoelectric detector, lock-in amplification, and a continuous wave dye laser modulated at frequencies from 10 to 120 kHz with an acousto-optic modulator. Acoustic resonance frequencies for a quartz cuvette and a cylindrical cell are observed experimentally using liquid (CH3)4M compounds (M = Si, Ge, and Sn) as the sample. The speeds of sound in the three liquids are determined using the acoustic resonant frequencies of a quartz cuvette. The peak cross sections of the C-H (Au = 7) overtones are determined. The overtone bands have been computer deconvoluted to obtain peak positions and bandwidths of the individual transitions. Assignments for the overtones of the C-H stretch and local mode-normal mode combination bands are presented. The possible relationship between the bandwidths of the transitions and energy localization is discussed.

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Laser Excitation of Acoustic Modes in Cylindrical and Spherical Resonators: Theory and Applications

Cited by 15 publications

References 57 publications

Characterization of Combustion Aerosol Produced by a Mini-CAST and Treated in a Catalytic Stripper

Characterization of Combustion Aerosol Produced by a Mini-CAST and Treated in a Catalytic Stripper

Application of acoustic resonators in photoacoustic trace gas analysis and metrology

Piezoelectric detection of high vibrational overtones of liquid tetramethylsilane, tetramethylgermane, and tetramethylstannane

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