Laser‐Engineered Multifunctional Graphene–Glass Electronics

Abstract

Glass electronics inspire the emergence of smart functional surfaces. To evolve this concept to the next level, developing new strategies for scalable, inexpensive, and electrically conductive glass‐based robust nanocomposites is crucial. Graphene is an attractive material as a conductive filler; however, integrating it firmly into a glass with no energy‐intensive sintering, melting, or harsh chemicals has not been possible until now. Moreover, these methods have very limited capability for fabricating robust patterns for electronic circuits. In this work, a conductive (160 OΩ sq−1) and resilient nanocomposite between glass and graphene is achieved via single‐step laser‐induced backward transfer (LIBT). Beyond conventional LIBT involving mass transfer, this approach simultaneously drives chemical transformations in glass including silicon compound formation and graphene oxide (GO) reduction. These processes take place together with the generation and transfer of the highest‐quality laser‐reduced GO (rGO) reported to date (Raman intensity ratio ID/IG = 0.31) and its integration into the glass. The rGO‐LIBT nanocomposite is further functionalized with silver to achieve a highly sensitive (10−9 m) dual‐channel plasmonic optical and electrochemical sensor. Besides the electrical circuit demonstration, an electrothermal heater is fabricated that reaches temperatures above 300 °C and continuously operates for over 48 h.

A Flexible Pressure Sensor Based on Graphene/Epoxy Resin Composite Film and Screen Printing Process

“…It can be seen from the table that the adhesion level of the printed materials is of the highest level 0 (ISO 2409:1992), i.e., the highest level 5B (ASTM D3359-2017 [57]), indicating that the sensor has abrasive solid resistance. Compared to the method of laser integration of graphene inside materials [58], the excellent adhesion of the pressure-sensitive material in this paper is due to the addition of epoxy resin to the conductive ink. In the process of walking, there is not only vertical force between the sole and the ground but also a large friction force.…”