Laser-driven photo-transmutation of<sup>129</sup>I—a long-lived nuclear waste product

Ledingham, K.W.D.; Magill, J.; McKenna, P.; Yang, Jun Mo; Galy, Jean; Schenkel, R.; Rébizant, J.; McCanny, T.; Shimizu, Seiji; Robson, L.; Singhal, R.P.; Wei, M. S.; Mangles, S. P. D.; Nilson, P.M.; Krushelnick, K.; Clarke, R. J.; Norreys, P.

doi:10.1088/0022-3727/36/18/l01

Cited by 75 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Such a measurement, using laser-generated bremsstrahlung, has been shown recently [15,16,17,63] by the measurement of the cross section maximum of the (γ,n)-reaction in the isotope 129 I. Although the values obtained for σ max vary strongly and the errors are still large, these measurements demonstrate that laser-generated energetic bremsstrahlung as well as laser-accelerated particles can be used to measure nuclear reaction parameters quantitatively.…”

Section: Cross-sectional Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…A second experiment used the direct comparison of induced (γ,n)-reactions in the isotopes 129 I and 127 I, which both are contained in the sample [17]. The latter reaction cross section is known such that the ratio of induced reactions corrected for the percent per weight in the sample yields directly the ratio of the integral cross section.…”

Section: Cross-sectional Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A whole series of classical known nuclear reactions has been shown to be feasible with lasers, such as photo-induced fission [6,7], proton-and ion-induced reactions [5,8,9], or deuterium fusion [10,11,12,13,14]. Recently the cross section of the (γ,n)-reaction of 129 I was measured in laser-based experiments [15,16,17]. This last step from the pure observation of nuclear reactions to the measurement of nuclear parameters is of importance regarding the small size of…”

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confidence: 99%

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Laser-Triggered Nuclear Reactions

Ewald

2006

Lasers and Nuclei

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Nearly 30 ago, laser physicists dreamed of the laser as a particle accelerator [1]. With the acceleration of electrons, protons, and ions up to energies of several tens of MeV by the interaction of an intense laser pulse with matter, this dream has become reality within the last ten years. Today, highly intense laser systems drive microscopic accelerators. Nuclear reactions are induced by the accelerated particles. This article intends to outline the unique properties of laser-based particle and bremsstrahlung sources, and the diversity of new ideas that arise from the combination of lasers and nuclear physics.Triggering nuclear reactions by a laser is done indirectly by accelerating electrons to relativistic velocities during the interaction of a very intense laser pulse with a laser-generated plasma. These electrons give rise to the generation of energetic bremsstrahlung, when they are stopped in a target of high atomic number. They can as well be used to accelerate protons or heavier ions to several tens of MeV. Those bremsstrahlung photons, protons, and ions with energies in the typical range of the nuclear giant dipole resonances of about a few to several tens of MeV may then induce nuclear reactions, such as fission, the emission of photoneutrons, or proton-induced emission of nucleons. To induce one of these reactions, a certain energy threshold -the activation energy of the reaction -must be exceeded.Since the first demonstration experiments, nuclear reactions were used for the spectral characterization of laser-accelerated electrons and protons as well as bremsstrahlung [2,3,4,5]. A whole series of classical known nuclear reactions has been shown to be feasible with lasers, such as photo-induced fission [6,7], proton-and ion-induced reactions [5,8,9], or deuterium fusion [10,11,12,13,14]. Recently the cross section of the (γ,n)-reaction of 129 I was measured in laser-based experiments [15,16,17]. This last step from the pure observation of nuclear reactions to the measurement of nuclear parameters is of importance regarding the small size of

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Section: Cross-sectional Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Cross-sectional Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Laser-Triggered Nuclear Reactions

Ewald

2006

Lasers and Nuclei

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“…Proton beams with tens to hundreds MeV energies are useful for medical imaging, 1 cancer therapy, 2 fast ignition in inertial fusion, 3 conversion of radioactive wastes, 4 and protons with TeV energies are relevant to high-energy physics 5 and astrophysics. 6 Existing studies have shown that proton beams at the GeV level can be obtained by radiation pressure acceleration (RPA) using > 10 22 W/cm 2 lasers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sub-TeV proton beam generation by ultra-intense laser irradiation of foil-and-gas target

Zheng¹,

Wang²,

Yan³

et al. 2012

Physics of Plasmas

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A two-phase proton acceleration scheme using an ultra-intense laser pulse irradiating a proton foil with a tenuous heavier-ion plasma behind it is presented. The foil electrons are compressed and pushed out as a thin dense layer by the radiation pressure and propagate in the plasma behind at near the light speed. The protons are in turn accelerated by the resulting space-charge field and also enter the backside plasma, but without the formation of a quasistationary double layer. The electron layer is rapidly weakened by the space-charge field. However, the laser pulse originally behind it now snowplows the backside-plasma electrons and creates an intense electrostatic wakefield. The latter can stably trap and accelerate the pre-accelerated proton layer there for a very long distance and thus to very high energies. The two-phase scheme is verified by particle-in-cell simulations and analytical modeling, which also suggests that a 0.54 TeV proton beam can be obtained with a 10 23 W/cm 2 laser pulse.

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“…Two different ways to generate -rays by laser are proposed. One is to use bremsstrahlung -rays generated in a high-Z material target [52][53][54], and the other is to use Compton -rays due to the accumulated laser photons interacting with high-energy electrons [55] , the hot electron temperature was 6 .4 MeV and the energy of -ray generated by bremsstrahlung was rather small compared to the peak energy of giant dipole resonance (~15 MeV) in (, ) reaction. Laser intensities exceeding 10 22 W/cm 2 will be required for more efficient (, ) reaction [53].…”

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confidence: 99%