“…Mechanical effects induced by light forces, as deflection, focalisation, cooling of atoms by lasers, has become an important and widely studied field, both theoretically [1,2] and experimentally [3][4][5], in the larger domain of interaction of light with atoms. From the theoretical point of view, in many cases -including the present one -a semiclassical approximation, along the lines defined in reference [6] and elsewhere, is justified, which greatly simplifies the treatment of the external motion since the atom is considered as a point-like particle characterized by its position r and velocity v. Recently many experiments based on atom -light interactions gained in interest due to the need of slowing and trapping novel species, such as 3D trapping of Yb Rydberg atoms [7].…”