Laser-cooled ytterbium-ion microwave frequency standard

Mulholland, S.; Klein, H. A.; Barwood, G. P.; Donnellan, S.; Gentle, D G; Huang, Guozheng; Walsh, Gregory S.; Baird, P E G; Gill, P.

doi:10.1007/s00340-019-7309-6

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Our recently-developed microwave frequency standard is referenced to a 12.6-GHz transition observed in cold 171 Yb + ions confined in a linear trap. This system [10] is compact and transportable and intermediate in terms of complexity and frequency stability between commercial and laboratory devices. It is designed to operate in a research laboratory environment and future development will focus on increased operational robustness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These digital controllers were interfaced to a personal computer (PC) for control of the temperature control point and individual gain settings for the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) parts of the servo system. All the electronics, including both in-house NPL designed and commercially-sourced circuits were housed in a 6U height unit [10]. The top-level schematic of the arrangement inside this unit is shown in figure 3.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 369.5 nm frequency was monitored directly by the wavemeter using a low-power pick-off; the 399 nm frequency was monitored via a pick-off at 798 nm. At both 399 nm and 369.5 nm, mechanical shutters were used; switching for the cooling laser was required as part of the measurement cycle for locking to the clock transition [10]. The 399-nm shutter required for photoionisation was only opened when the trap required loading.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Compact laser system for a laser-cooled ytterbium ion microwave frequency standard

Mulholland

Klein

Barwood

et al. 2019

Review of Scientific Instruments

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The development of a transportable microwave frequency standard based on the ground-state transition of 171 Yb + at ~12.6 GHz requires a compact laser system for cooling the ions, clearing out of long-lived states and also for photoionisation. In this paper, we describe the development of a suitable compact laser system based on a 6U height rack-mounted arrangement with overall dimensions 260  194  335 mm. Laser outputs at 369 nm (for cooling), 399 nm (photoionisation), 935 nm (repumping) and 760 nm (state clearout) are combined in a fiber arrangement for delivery to our linear ion trap and we demonstrate this system by cooling of 171 Yb + ions. Additionally, we demonstrate that the lasers at 935 nm and 760 nm are close in frequency to water vapor and oxygen absorption lines respectively; specifically, at 760 nm, we show that one 171 Yb + transition is within the pressure broadened profile of an oxygen line. These molecular transitions form convenient wavelength references for the stabilization of lasers for a 171 Yb + frequency standard.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Compact laser system for a laser-cooled ytterbium ion microwave frequency standard

Mulholland

Klein

Barwood

et al. 2019

Review of Scientific Instruments

Self Cite

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“…Among the many clock proposals, trapped-ion microwave-frequency clocks have attracted wide attention from researchers because the ions are well isolated from the external environment in an ion trap. The setup is conducive to improvements in the transportability of atomic clocks [10][11][12][13]. Such clocks are also considered the next generation of practical microwave clocks [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of hyperfine splittings and Landé $g_J$ factors of $5s~^2S_{1/2}$ and $5p~^2P_{1/2,3/2}$ states of $^{111,113}$Cd$^+$ for a microwave frequency standard

Han,

Si,

Qin

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Regarding trapped-ion microwave-frequency standards, we report on the determination of hyperfine splittings and Landé gJ factors of 111,113 Cd + . The hyperfine splittings of the 5p 2 P 3/2 state of 111,113 Cd + ions were measured using laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy. The Cd + ions were confined in a linear Paul trap and sympathetically cooled by Ca + ions. Furthermore, the hyperfine splittings and Landé gJ factors of the 5s 2 S 1/2 and 5p 2 P 1/2,3/2 levels of 111,113 Cd + were calculated with greater accuracy using the multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock scheme. The measured hyperfine splittings and the Dirac-Hartree-Fock calculation values were cross-checked, thereby further guaranteeing the reliability of our results. The results provided in this work can improve the signalto-noise ratio of the clock transition and the accuracy of the second-order Zeeman shift correction, and subsequently the stability and accuracy of the microwave frequency standard based on trapped Cd + ions.

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“…To date, 113 Cd + [10,11], 171 Yb + [12,13], and 199 Hg + [14,15] ions have been used in the development of microwave ion clocks. A great deal of progress has been achieved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sympathetic cooling of $^{113}$Cd$^+$ by laser-cooled $^{40}$Ca$^+$ in a linear Paul trap for Microwave Ion Clocks

Han¹,

Qin²,

Guo³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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We report sympathetic cooling of 113 Cd + by laser-cooled 40 Ca + in a linear Paul trap for microwave clocks. Long-term low-temperature confinement of 113 Cd + ions was achieved. The temperature of these ions was measured at 90(10) mK, and the corresponding uncertainty arising from the secondorder Doppler shifts was estimated to a level of 2 × 10 −17 . Up to 4.2 × 10 5 Cd + ions were confined in the trap, and the confinement time constant was measured to be 84 hours. After three hours of confinement, there were still 10 5 Cd + ions present, indicating that this Ca + -Cd + dual ion system is surprisingly stable. The ac Stark shift was induced by the Ca + lasers and fluorescence, which was carefully estimated to an accuracy of 5.4(0.5) × 10 −17 using a high-accuracy ab initio approach. The Dick-effect-limited Allan deviation was also deduced because deadtimes were shorter. These results indicate that a microwave clock based on this sympathetic cooling scheme holds promise in providing ultra-high frequency accuracy and stability.

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Laser-cooled ytterbium-ion microwave frequency standard

Cited by 16 publications

References 51 publications

Compact laser system for a laser-cooled ytterbium ion microwave frequency standard

Compact laser system for a laser-cooled ytterbium ion microwave frequency standard

Determination of hyperfine splittings and Landé $g_J$ factors of $5s~^2S_{1/2}$ and $5p~^2P_{1/2,3/2}$ states of $^{111,113}$Cd$^+$ for a microwave frequency standard

Sympathetic cooling of $^{113}$Cd$^+$ by laser-cooled $^{40}$Ca$^+$ in a linear Paul trap for Microwave Ion Clocks

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