Laser cladding process of Fe/WC metal matrix composite coatings on low carbon steel using Yb: YAG disk laser

Bartkowski, Dariusz; Bartkowska, Aneta; Jurči, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.optlastec.2020.106784

Cited by 69 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…At this time, all the heat released by solidification dissipates in the solid on the surface of the interface, causing the crystal surface to slowly move forward; therefore, the crystal is in a flat state. With an increase in the cladding thickness, the G/R value gradually decreases and component undercooling occurs, the planar crystal begins to turn to cellular crystals, and coarse columnar crystals begin to grow [ 10 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Laser Cladding of Fe-Based Alloy Coatings in Different Areas of Cladding Layer

et al. 2021

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In this study, laser cladding technology was used to prepare Fe-based alloy coating on a 27SiMn hydraulic support, and a turning treatment was used to obtain samples of the upper and middle regions of the cladding layer. The influence of microstructure, phase composition, hardness, and wear resistance in different areas of the cladding layer was studied through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), friction and wear tests, and microhardness. The results show that the bcc phase content in the upper region of the cladding layer is less than that in the middle region of the cladding layer, and the upper region of the cladding layer contains more metal compounds. The hardness of the middle region of the cladding layer is higher than that of the upper region of the cladding layer. At the same time, the main wear mechanism of the upper region of the cladding layer is adhesive wear and abrasive wear. The wear mechanism of the middle region of the cladding layer is mainly abrasive wear, with better wear resistance than the upper region of the cladding layer.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Laser Cladding of Fe-Based Alloy Coatings in Different Areas of Cladding Layer

et al. 2021

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“…Moreover, an attempt was made to predict the microstructure resulting from the application of a diode laser, the beam of which influences the surface of the AlSi7Mg alloy sample made in the die-casting mould ( Figure 12 ). This method is used to improve the tribological properties by significantly crumbling the grain in the surface layer and alloying it [ 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 ]. The laser heat treatment process was carried out using a TRUMPF TruDiode 3006 diode laser (TRUMPF, Ditzingen, Germany) with a maximum power of 3 kW.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Material Databases and Validation in Modelling the Structure of Castings Using the Cellular Automaton Method

et al. 2021

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The paper presents the scope of applicability and the usefulness of the method of predicting crystalline structure of castings using a commercially available system called Calcosoft CAFE. The influence of individual values of the parameters of the thermal model and the model predicting the structure (phenomenon of nucleation and crystal growth), and the method of interpretation of the results were identified. In simulation studies, it is important to use reliable and validated material database, under appropriate conditions. It is necessary to predict the properties of castings with a comprehensive, new and practical approach to modelling the formation of phase components of structure in terms of both macroscale and microscale phenomena (Multiscale and Multiphysics). Therefore, in this paper, the experimental-simulation validation of the CAFE code was undertaken. The tests were carried out on castings solidifying under various heat transfer conditions controlled by mould materials such as: a homogenous mould made of moulding sand, moulding sand with chill, and mould made of insulating mass with chill. These conditions directly influence the structure formation. The method of validation of the structure was determined in terms of its three parameters, i.e., the degree of refinement of the crystals, the location of the columnar-to-equiaxed transition zone—CET and the angle of the crystals. The above tests enabled to extend the content of databases, which often lack the necessary values of parameters used in modelling, e.g., crystallization of a specific alloy under given conditions (sand casting, chills or laser surface treatment). On this basis, the basics of correlating the simulation results on a micro- and macroscale were generalized, the limits of the application of individual parameters (mould, alloy materials) and their impact on the structure formation were determined. It resulted in the extension of the database for simulation calculations.

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“…This is an effect when WC is exposed to high temperatures, causing the carbon in the WC phases to diffuse into the binder phases [35]. For example, Chen et al [36] found this in the laser additive manufacturing of WC-reinforced iron and Bartkowski et al [37] noticed this effect when laser cladding Fe/WC on low carbon steel. Majority of the samples had a distinct HAZ around the 1 mm 2 processing region, with a border of approximately 0.25 mm; this is expected as carbides often suffer from HAZ to different degrees depending on the processing parameters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding The Surface Integrity of Laser Surface Engineered Tungsten Carbide

Hazzan

Pacella

See

2021

Preprint

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The study investigated the effect of fibre laser processing (1060 nm, 240 ns pulse duration) on tungsten carbide (WC). Fluence, frequency, and the interaction effect of these were the most influential factors on the surface integrity and crack formation. In this paper, a crack classification system was developed, and a crack density variable was introduced to estimate the number of cracks and crack type within a 1 mm2 area size. ANOVA was used to analyse how fluence (0.05–0.20 J/cm2) and frequency (5–100 kHz) altered the crack density. The crack density increased between 0.050–0.099 J/cm2 across all frequency settings then decreased as the fluence increased to 0.20 J/cm2. Superficial cracks were present in all frequency settings but particularly with lower fluence settings. Micro-cracks were more likely to form between 0.050–0.135 J/cm2. Deep cracks did not present until 40 kHz or above 0.099 J/cm2 across the frequency settings and were situated around balling and splatter defects. The crack density was minimised at 0.149 J/cm2 fluence and 52.5 kHz. To the author’s knowledge for the first time a quantitative analysis of the crack formation mechanism for brittle materials is proposed (post laser processing). In addition, a linear model generated to predict surface roughness performed best at moderate to medium level of processing (fluences in the region of 0.050–0.099 J/cm2) with an error between 1 % to 10 %. The model failed to predict the material response as accurately at higher fluences with percentage errors between 15 % to 36 %.

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Laser cladding process of Fe/WC metal matrix composite coatings on low carbon steel using Yb: YAG disk laser

Cited by 69 publications

References 15 publications

Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Laser Cladding of Fe-Based Alloy Coatings in Different Areas of Cladding Layer

Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Laser Cladding of Fe-Based Alloy Coatings in Different Areas of Cladding Layer

Material Databases and Validation in Modelling the Structure of Castings Using the Cellular Automaton Method

Understanding The Surface Integrity of Laser Surface Engineered Tungsten Carbide

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