Laser based coating and modification of carbon fibres: application of industrial lasers to manufacturing of composite materials

ABSTRACT:A laser-heating zone-drawing and zone-annealing method using a continuous-wave carbon dioxide laser was applied to poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fiber to improve its mechanical properties. The as-spun fiber was zone-drawn under a applied tension ( a ) of 4.44 MPa at a laser power density (PD) of 6.08 W cm Ϫ2, and then the laser-heated zone-drawn fiber was zone-annealed. The laser-heating zone-annealing was carried out in three steps: the first annealing was carried out under a ϭ 139 MPa at 4.83 W cm Ϫ2 ; the second annealing was carried out under a ϭ 283 MPa at 4.83 W cm Ϫ2 , and the third annealing was carried out under a ϭ 432 MPa at 3.45 W cm Ϫ2 . The surface temperature distribution of the fiber irradiated with the CO 2 laser was measured by using an infrared thermographic camera equipped with a magnifying lens. The relation between the laser power and the surface temperature of the fiber became clear in the laser-heating zone-drawing and the laser-heating zone-annealing. The fiber obtained finally had a birefringence of 0.239, a degree of crystallinity of 55%, a tensile modulus of 19.8 GPa, and a storage modulus of 25.7 GPa at 25°C. In FTIR measurements, a trans conformation increased with the processing, but a gauche one decreased. The laser-heating zone-drawing and zone-annealing method was found to be effective in producing the PET fiber with high modulus and high strength.

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“…In this measurement, a value of 1.455 g/cm 3 was assumed for c , and a value of 1.335 g/cm 3 was assumed for a.…”

Section: Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] A wide variety of application is possible in material processing. However, the CO 2 laser is hardly applied to polymers, and there is very little literature in this field: etching of polymer 7 and curing of epoxy resin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties and superstructure of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers zone‐drawn and zone‐annealed by CO₂ laser heating

Suzuki

Mochiduki

2001

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Since the advent of the first working laser in 1960, [47] laser technology has evolved tremendously with improvements in power output, energy conversion efficiency, cost, and life. [47,50,51] For manufacturing alone, examples of their usage include material removal, [52] micromachining (Nd:YAG pulsed laser [53][54][55] ), laser hole drilling, [56] laser welding and repair, [57] coating and cladding, [58][59][60] laser cutting, [61] laser riveting, [62] laser surface heat treatment, [63] laser nondestructive inspection (NDI), [64] laser scanning, [65] and the latest, laser-based AM, which is the focus of this review. [48] This is believed to have laid the foundation for today's AM technology.…”

Section: Energy Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser‐Based Additive Manufacturing Technologies for Aerospace Applications

2019

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Additive manufacturing (AM) is a transformative technology that has rapidly grown over the past decade. AM processes build parts layer by layer and have found applications in the aerospace, biomedical, and automotive fields. The technology holds particular promise for the aerospace industry due to the reduced process time, weight savings of parts, and opportunities for new material development. Herein, a review of laser-based AM processes, existing AM systems, and aerospace parts being fabricated is presented. It further explores the material properties and microstructure of printed samples with both powder bed fusion and direct energy deposition processes. The benefits and challenges associated with the widespread use of the technology are discussed with emphases on the aerospace sector. Finally, the steps required for parts produced by AM processes to become certified for use in aerospace applications are presented.

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“…where c and a are the densities of crystalline and amorphous phases, taken to be 0.936 and 0.850 g/cm 3 , respectively.…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] We applied a continuous-wave carbon dioxide (CW CO 2 ) laser to poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) 9 and nylon 6 10 fibers to improve their mechanical properties. The drawing and annealing by using the CW CO 2 laser was found to be effective in producing fibers with high modulus and high strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isotactic polypropylene microfiber prepared by carbon dioxide laser‐heating

Suzuki

Narusue

2004

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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An isotactic polypropylene (i-PP) microfiber was obtained by irradiating a carbon dioxide laser to previously drawn fibers. To prepare the thinner i-PP microfiber, it is necessary to previously draw original i-PP fibers under an applied tension of 7.8 MPa at a drawing temperature of 140°C. The drawn fiber was heated under an applied tension of 0.3 MPa using the laser operated at a power density of 39.6 W cm Ϫ2 . The thinnest i-PP microfiber obtained under optimum conditions had a diameter of 1.8 m and a birefringence of 30 ϫ 10 Ϫ3 . Its draw ratio estimated from the diameter reached 51,630. It is so far impossible to achieve such a high draw ratio by any drawing. The wide-angle X-ray diffraction photograph of the microfiber shows the existence of the oriented crystallites. Laser-heating allows easier fabrication of microfibers compared with the conventional technology such as the conjugate spinning.

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Laser based coating and modification of carbon fibres: application of industrial lasers to manufacturing of composite materials

Cited by 19 publications

References 4 publications

Mechanical properties and superstructure of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers zone‐drawn and zone‐annealed by CO₂ laser heating

Mechanical properties and superstructure of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers zone‐drawn and zone‐annealed by CO₂ laser heating

Laser‐Based Additive Manufacturing Technologies for Aerospace Applications

Isotactic polypropylene microfiber prepared by carbon dioxide laser‐heating

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Laser based coating and modification of carbon fibres: application of industrial lasers to manufacturing of composite materials

Cited by 19 publications

References 4 publications

Mechanical properties and superstructure of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers zone‐drawn and zone‐annealed by CO2 laser heating

Mechanical properties and superstructure of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers zone‐drawn and zone‐annealed by CO2 laser heating

Laser‐Based Additive Manufacturing Technologies for Aerospace Applications

Isotactic polypropylene microfiber prepared by carbon dioxide laser‐heating

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Mechanical properties and superstructure of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers zone‐drawn and zone‐annealed by CO₂ laser heating

Mechanical properties and superstructure of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers zone‐drawn and zone‐annealed by CO₂ laser heating