Laser and energy-based devices’ complications in dermatology

Abstract

Laser dermatology is an ever-expanding part of the specialty used extensively for both aesthetic and medical conditions. Advances in laser technology have led to an expansion in the number of devices available, with as a consequence an increase in the total number of complications. Fortunately, the current technology has improved greatly which adds to the safety profile of such devices; nevertheless, thorough knowledge of laser complications and how to avoid them is paramount for any practitioner who uses such technology.

Complications seen with the use of lasers for cosmetic applications

“…The corticosteroid showed efficacy decreasing the intensity as well as the extent of PIH 22 . The PIH commonly observed after purpura formation was also more effectively reduced by corticosteroids 16 . The hyperpigmentation from lasers generally decreases over time.…”

“…This study concluded that premedication with acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir for 1 to 2 days before the procedure is advised only for those with a history of HSV 9 . Furthermore, Al‐Niaimi 16 suggests that the risk of scarring is so high in cases of HSV that empiric prophylactic medication is the norm.…”

“…This is likely from the sun‐damaged hyperpigmented skin being replaced by fresh, paler skin 11 . A line of demarcation between laser‐treated and untreated areas is more common in higher phototypes and individuals with actinic bronzing 16 . Full‐face resurfacing can decrease this risk of this causing a splotchy hypopigmented face, but the hypopigmentation often fades with time regardless 11 .…”

“…Ezra and Behroozan 29 reported a case of atrophic scarring of the nasal alae after pulse dye laser treatment of facial telangiectasia. Scarring is also a consideration with the use of long‐pulse lasers in the removal of tattoos when there is little exogenous ink and hairs overly the area 16 . A relatively uncommon type of scarring that can occur is indentations and grooving.…”

“…Deep indentations from isolated subcutaneous fat injury or panniculitis‐like inflammation can occur from both too hot or too cold technique. This type of atrophic scarring can be permanent 16 …”