Laser additive processing of a functionally graded internal fracture fixation plate

Lima, Dalton Daniel de; Mantri, S.A.; Mikler, C. V.; Contieri, Rodrigo José; Yannetta, C. J.; Campo, Kaio Niitsu; Lopes, Éder Sócrates Najar; Styles, Mark J.; Borkar, Tushar; Caram, Rubens; Banerjee, Rajarshi

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2017.05.034

Cited by 65 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…[70b,70d,105] Also, processing in a controlled reactive atmosphere can improve bulk or local properties, such as wear resistance . In addition, the Young's modulus has been manipulated for biomedical implants through either scanning strategies or via functional composition gradients . All of these areas provide an indication of the versatility of metal AM for Ti‐based alloys.…”

Section: Alloy Development For Metal Ammentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal Alloys for Fusion‐Based Additive Manufacturing

et al. 2018

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Metal additive manufacturing (AM) is an innovative manufacturing technique, which builds parts incrementally layer by layer. Thus, metal AM has inherent advantages in part complexity, time, and waste saving. However, due to its complex thermal cycle and rapid solidification during processing, the alloys well suit and commercially used for metal AM today are limited. Therefore, it is important to understand the alloying strategy and current progress with materials performance to consider alloy development for metal AM. This review presents the current range of alloys available for metal AM, including titanium, steel, nickel, aluminum, less common alloys (including Mg alloys, metal matrix composites alloys, and low melting point alloys), and compositionally complex alloys (including bulk metallic glasses and high entropy alloys) with a focus on the relationship between compositions, processing, microstructures, and properties of each alloy system. In addition, some promising alloy systems for metal AM are highlighted. Approaches for designing and optimizing new materials for metal AM have been summarized.

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Section: Alloy Development For Metal Ammentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal Alloys for Fusion‐Based Additive Manufacturing

et al. 2018

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“…Biodegradability is crucial both for full tissue regeneration and for the prevention of implant‐associated infections in the long term. Li et al [ 157 ] reported a topological design with functional gradients that controlled the fluid flow, mass transport, and biodegradation of AM‐fabricated porous iron specimens with up to fourfold variation in permeability and up to threefold variation in biodegradation rate. Han et al [ 183 ] used SLM technology to prepare titanium/hydroxyapatite (Ti/HA) with quasi‐continuous ratios, in which the ratio of HA varied from 0 to 5 wt% in each functional gradient, providing a wide range of nanohardness (5.11–8.36 GPa) and fracture toughness (3.41–0.88 MPa m 1/2 ), which could be tailored to match those of cortical and cancellous bones.…”

Section: Multifunctional Properties and Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Functionally Graded Materials and Structures via Additive Manufacturing: From Multi‐Scale Design to Versatile Functional Properties

Yan

Feng

Liu

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Technologies

259

102

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Functionally graded materials (FGMs) and functionally graded structures (FGSs) are special types of advanced composites with peculiar features and advantages. This article reviews the design criteria of functionally graded additive manufacturing (FGAM), which is capable of fabricating gradient components with versatile functional properties. Conventional geometrical‐based design concepts have limited potential for FGAM and multi‐scale design concepts (from geometrical patterning to microstructural design) are needed to develop gradient components with specific graded properties at different locations. FGMs and FGSs are of great interest to a larger range of industrial sectors and applications including aerospace, automotive, biomedical implants, optoelectronic devices, energy absorbing structures, geological models, and heat exchangers. This review presents an overview of various fabrication ideas and suggestions for future research in terms of design and creation of FGMs and FGSs, benefiting a wide variety of scientific fields.

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“…The DED process is used with different materials and research related to tool steels [28], stainless steels [29], titanium alloys [30], nickel alloys [31], and copper alloys [32] have been already published. Besides, the DED also enables enhancing the surface properties and adapting gradually to the final requirements by means of Functionally Graded Materials [33,34]. One of the main advantages of DED is the capability to produce near-net-shape parts, which results in a reduction of the waste material Metals 2020, 10, 261 5 of 25 generated and an environmentally friendlier process [35].…”

Section: Fundamentals Of the Ded Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Environmental Implications of Using Metal Powder in Additive Manufacturing and Its Handling

Arrizubieta

Ukar

Ostolaza

et al. 2020

Metals

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Additive Manufacturing, AM, is considered to be environmentally friendly when compared to conventional manufacturing processes. Most researchers focus on resource consumption when performing the corresponding Life Cycle Analysis, LCA, of AM. To that end, the sustainability of AM is compared to processes like milling. Nevertheless, factors such as resource use, pollution, and the effects of AM on human health and society should be also taken into account before determining its environmental impact. In addition, in powder-based AM, handling the powder becomes an issue to be addressed, considering both the operator´s health and the subsequent management of the powder used. In view of these requirements, the fundamentals of the different powder-based AM processes were studied and special attention paid to the health risks derived from the high concentrations of certain chemical compounds existing in the typically employed materials. A review of previous work related to the environmental impact of AM is presented, highlighting the gaps found and the areas where deeper research is required. Finally, the implications of the reuse of metallic powder and the procedures to be followed for the disposal of waste are studied.2 of 25 sold in 2016 was 983, whereas, in the year 2017 this value rose to 1768 units, which implies an 80% increase [1].As far as economy and sustainability are concerned, AM offers several advantages over conventional manufacturing techniques, which confers many potential applications to AM in diverse industrial sectors, such as automotive, aerospace, biomedical, energy, and consumer goods [4]. In the aerospace industry, for example, AM enables aerospace motorists to create blades with much more complex internal cooling channels, allowing engines to run at higher temperatures and thus increase their performance [5]. In the report presented by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) of the U.S. Department of Commerce, it is stated that in aerospace engines titanium parts are machined down to size from large initial blocks, which leads to more than 90% waste material, material waste that could be reduced by using AM [6]. The European Commission in the Digital Transformation Monitor of 2017 presented similar numbers, where the disruptive nature of 3D printing was studied. It was estimated that by 2050, AM could save up to 90% of the raw material needed for manufacturing [3].Nonetheless, the possibilities of AM are not only limited to a reduction of raw material usage. The possibility of manufacturing lighter components could lead to energy savings, estimated between 5% and 25% by 2050, as well as a reduction in manufacturing costs of around 4-21% for the same period [7]. This trend is applicable to different industrial sectors. For example, SmarTech expects the overall market for AM in automotive to reach 5.3 billion USD in revenues by 2023 and to achieve 12.4 billion USD by 2028 [8].The lack of European and international standardization related to AM is proving to be an impediment to the...

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Laser additive processing of a functionally graded internal fracture fixation plate

Cited by 65 publications

References 33 publications

Metal Alloys for Fusion‐Based Additive Manufacturing

Metal Alloys for Fusion‐Based Additive Manufacturing

A Review on Functionally Graded Materials and Structures via Additive Manufacturing: From Multi‐Scale Design to Versatile Functional Properties

Study of the Environmental Implications of Using Metal Powder in Additive Manufacturing and Its Handling

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